大鲵是全球最受关注的两栖动物之一，被IUCN和中国濒危动物红皮书列为极危物种，十余年来政府耗费巨资开展增殖放流，然而原始种群却持续萎缩，增殖效果不明显。本项目以原生态养殖场大鲵为对象，探讨有尾类原始类群（第二性征不明显、体外受精）的性选择和婚配制度的机制。通过对目标物种繁殖期配偶选择行为的摄像观察，分析性间与性内选择压力的作用形式和强弱程度；运用电镜技术，检测雄性泄殖腔腺的形态；基于分子手段对后代作亲权鉴定，分析其婚配制度，并阐明个体形态、遗传背景和第二性征在配偶选择中的作用，为人工养殖条件下雌雄性腺发育不同步和仿生态条件下亲鲵吃卵问题的解决提供思路，为养殖场亲本选育和增殖放流个体的选择、性别搭配提供参考，提升大鲵这一珍稀濒危物种的保护成效。

The Chinese giant salamander (CGS) is the world’s largest amphibian and contains a long and distinct evolution history. This species has experienced dramatic population declines, estimated to be as much as 80% over the last three generations due to over-exploitation. To this end, it is now listed as critically endangered and as national second-grade protected animals. The government organized a series of releasing activities in the past ten years but the wild populations are continuing to decline.. In this study, we will focus on the CGS population that is raised in a native river, to identify the pattern and intensity of intersexual and intrasexual selection by monitoring its mate selection, to scan the morphology of cloacal gland in breeding males by using electron microscopy, to analyze parentage by microsatellites genotyping, to investigate the roles of body traits, genetic backgrounds and secondary sexual character (cloacal glands) in gaining paternal benefits, and to clarify the mechanism of sexual selection and mating system..This will provide guidelines for the selection and sex ratio modulation of releasing individuals and farming parents and the solution of problems on asynchronous development of testis and ovary and eggs cannibalism in captivity.