Schwann细胞较强的可塑性为周围神经再生提供了重要支持，然而Schwann细胞支持再生的能力并不是持续稳定的，其可塑性随时间逐渐下降。探寻Schwann细胞激活过程中，维持其可塑性的分子机制，有助于神经损伤的修复。前期通过RNA-seq系统分析了大鼠坐骨神经损伤后lncRNA表达谱，经生物信息学分析，qPCR验证及体内、外功能筛选，得到了关键lncRNA LOC254，初步结果表明LOC254是Schwann细胞激活过程中的一个正向调控分子，具有维持甚至增强Schwann细胞可塑性的潜能。本课题将进一步明确LOC254如何调控靶基因影响Schwann细胞参与周围神经再生的具体机制，并通过体内实验，观察LOC254修饰的Schwann细胞联合人工神经移植物修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损的效果，以及探讨LOC254重塑Schwann细胞可塑性的潜能,为将lncRNA作为神经再生新靶点提供理论依据。

Schwann cell incredible plasticity provides important support for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, the ability of supporting regeneration is not stable since Schwann cell repair phenotype fades with time. Understanding the signaling molecules and mechanism during Schwann cell activation is of great significance for the repair of nerve injury. We systematically analyzed the expression patterns of lncRNAs after rat sciatic nerve injury by RNA-seq. The key lncRNA LOC254 was determined based on bioinformatics analysis, qPCR verification, in vitro and in vivo functional screening. Preliminary results indicated that LOC254 was a positive regulatory molecule with the potential to maintain or even enhance the plasticity of Schwann cells. This study will further clarify how LOC254 affects Schwann cells and regulates peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating its target gene. In vivo studies will also be performed to observe the effect of LOC254-modified Schwann cells combined artificial neural graft to repair rat sciatic nerve defect, as well as the potential of LOC254 remodeling Schwann cell plasticity. To discuss the application value of using lncRNAs as new therapeutic targets of the treatment of nerve regeneration.