越冬中华秋沙鸭觅食地选择与取食行为研究

中华秋沙鸭Mergus squamatus属雁形目(Anseriformes)鸭科(Anatidae),国家I级重点保护动物,IUCN将其列为濒危物种。全球数量1,000-2,499只。江西是其重要越冬地。本项目拟在江西四大流域（抚河、信江、饶河和修河）探讨以下3个问题，揭示中华秋沙鸭的越冬觅食地选择和取食行为：①运用主成分和3S技术等揭示觅食地选择与环境因子及潜在食物资源的关系；②取食频次、时间分配等与环境因子的关系：运用焦点动物法记录中华秋沙鸭的取食频次、时间分配等，揭示其取食行为如何响应温度、水深、日照长度的变化；③潜水取食与环境因子的关系：通过记录潜水参数（如潜水和停息持续时间），阐述潜水行为与环境因子的对应关系。通过本项目的完成，理论上阐述一些觅食地选择、取食时间分配、潜水取食的机制问题；实践上弄清中华秋沙鸭的觅食地和取食行为的影响因子，为其栖息地管理和种群恢复提供依据。

The Chinese Merganser Mergus squamatus belongs to Anatidae of Anseriformes. It is listed in the first category of the nationally protected wildlife species in China and regarded as an endangered species by IUCN. The number of Chinese Mergansers is currently estimated to be 1,000 to 2,499 individuals globally. Jiangxi Province provides the main wintering habitat for this species in China. This project will demonstrate foraging habitat selection and foraging behavior of Chinese Merganser in Fuhe, Xinjiang, Raohe and Xiuhe rivers, Jiangxi Province through three aspects: ① Relationship among foraging habitat selection, environmental factors and potential food resources will be quantified using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), 3S technology and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); ② Relationship among foraging frequency, foraging time budget and environmental factors: foraging behavioral response of the Chinese Mergansers to the variations of temperature, water depth, day length will be studied by Focal Animal Method; ③ Relationship between diving behavior and environmental factors: The relationship between diving behavior and environmental factors will be demonstrated through recording diving parameters (diving duration, pause duration and diving efficiency). This project can solve some theoretical issues of foraging theories such as the mechanism of foraging habitat selection, foraging time budget and diving foraging. We will also understand the main factors influencing foraging habitat selection and foraging behavior. This information will provide scientifical data for the habitat management and population restoration of Chinese Merganser.