鄱阳湖是中国第一大淡水湖，为数十万候鸟提供良好的栖息场所。然而鄱阳湖鸟类研究仅局限于数量监测，对鸟类的生态学理论问题缺乏研究。本项目拟采用样点法、瞬时扫描法并结合生态位和物种集团等理论，对鄱阳湖4个区域（鄱阳湖国家级保护区、南矶山国家级保护区、都昌候鸟保护区和鄱阳县鄱阳湖湖区）的非繁殖期水鸟多样性与4种珍稀水鸟对水位的响应及优势水鸟生态位分化进行研究。①通过对比鄱阳湖不同区域水鸟多样性的时空变化，从多样性层面探讨越冬期水鸟分布规律、迁徙动态及与水位的关系；②通过4种代表珍稀水鸟种群大小、集群、行为与水位关系的研究，从种群角度探讨其生态需求、对水位变化的生态适应机制、及对水位的指示作用；③分析种间数量随时间变化的相关性、物种集团组成和生态位，揭示优势水鸟的种间关系、共存机制。本项目的实施可解决鄱阳湖水鸟的一些生态学理论问题，为水鸟多样性的保护提供依据，也为鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的开展提供依据。

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It receives the water from Ganjiang River, Fuhe River, Xiushui River, Raohe River, Xinjiang River. Poyang Lake provides good resting and foraging habitats for tens of thousands wintering birds every year. Howevr, the researches of birds in Poyang Lake only focus on monitoring of the distribution and number. Some ecological theories on waterbirds in Poyang Lake are not clear. Based on some theories such as niche and guild, wintering waterbird diversity, niche separation, their response to water level will be studied in four regions (Poyanghu National Nature Reserve, Nanjishan National Nature Reserve, Duchang Migratory bird Nature Reserve, Poyang Lake in Poyang county) in Poyang Lake, using point count, instantaneous scan sampling in this project. ① From diversity level, waterbird distribution rule, migration dynamics and their response to water level will be analyzed through comparision of temporal and spatial varivtion of bird diversity in different regions of Poyang Lake during Non-breeding period.②From population level, population size, group size, behaviors of four representative rare waterbirds such as Grus leucogeranus, Ciconia boyciana, Platalea leucorodia, Cygnus columbianus will be studied. Wintering ecological requirement and ecological adaptation mechanism to water level changes will be understood after population size, group size, behaviors of these species are studied. ③Interspecific relationship, ecological coexisting mechanism of dominant waterbirds will be discussed by analysis of interspecific correlation, guild composition and niche. This project can solve some theoretical issues such as guild composition, ecological coexisting mechanism. This project can also provide scientific basis for bird diversity conservation and hydraulic project in Poyang Lake.