本项目合成既含有催化性能的稀有金属原子又含有功能基团、可根据需要进行设计合成、对水和空气稳定性高的新型离子液体(ILs)，它们在药物合成、绿色化学、清洁工艺等领域应用前景广阔。新型ILs具有极低的蒸气压，测定它们的蒸气压、研究其汽化过程热力学性质是具有挑战性的工作；改进了国际上新开发测定极低蒸气压的热重分析法，解决了测得的蒸气压和汽化焓中常含有热分解贡献的难题；在热力学理论基础上提出了摩尔表面Gibbs自由能的新概念，改进了Eötvös方程，而且还测定这些新型ILs的蒸气压、汽化焓、密度、表面张力、折光率和热容，估算它们的表面张力、热膨胀系数、压缩系数和声速等；在Hildebrand理论基础上，提出预测ILs极性的新方法。本项目不仅为应用这些新型ILs积累了基础数据，而且提出的理论模型和改进的TGA实验方法，能在很多领域获得重要应用。因此，有较大学术意义和实用价值。

Novel ionic liquids (ILs) are synthesized, which have rare metal atom capable of performing catalysis and functional groups. These ILs are designed and prepared according to practical applications in such fields as pharmaceutical synthesis, green chemistry, and clean process. Due to the extreme low vapor pressure of the ILs, experimental determination of vapor pressure and study on the thermodynamic property in vaporization process for ILs are a challenging task. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), the newly developed determination of vapor pressure, is improved and the problem which vaporization is distinguished from thermal decomposition in the determination of vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization is solved. A new thermodynamic quantity-molar surface Gibbs free energy is put forward and the Eötvös empirical equation is improved so that the new Eötvös parameters have clear physical meanings. In addition, the density, surface tension, refractive index and heat capacity are measured and the volumetric property, surface property, compression coefficient and speed of sound are also calculated. In terms of Hildebrand theory, a new scale of polarity, δμ, for the ILs is put forward. It is crucial to accumulate essential data for the application of the ILs and the improved TGA experimental method will be used in other fields, so this project has great academic significance and practical value.