白僵菌和蝶蛹金小蜂均为控制十字花科重要害虫菜青虫种群数量的主要生物防治手段。由于白僵菌的广泛致病性，当两者共同作用于菜青虫时，白僵菌可能会影响金小蜂的各项生命指标。另一方面，面对真菌入侵，金小蜂体内免疫系统可能被激活。本项目通过金小蜂幼、成虫感染白僵菌后各项生命参数变化，评价白僵菌对金小蜂的作用关系；通过转录组分析，比较幼、成虫受感染后免疫基因的表达差异，明确参与抗真菌免疫的相关信号通路和关键基因；拟采用基因克隆与表达、Western Blot、激光共聚焦、质谱鉴定、RNAi等技术方法，对关键基因的表达模式、生物学功能进行研究，明确免疫关键基因的功能及作用机理。本项目不仅为合理使用真菌生防制剂与寄生蜂提供数据支撑，同时可填补寄生蜂免疫应答机制相关领域的空白，为遗传改良寄生蜂抗真菌侵染能力提供理论基础。

The small white butterfly, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is a serious insect pest of cultivated crucifers. In China, P. rapae larvae have been linked to heavy crop loss each year. Pteromalus puparum, a natural enemy of P. rapae, and Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungi are two important components of biocontrol agents used in control the population of P. rapae. Sometimes, P. puparum and B. bassiana were used in combination to knock down the pest much faster and more effectively. However, due to the wide insecticidal range of B. bassaiana, this pathogenic fungus may cause negative effect on non-target organisms like P. puparum. Meanwhile, in order to combat with the invader of entomopathogenic fungi, innate immune mechanism of P. puparum could be stimulated..In this project, we will study the interactions between P. puparum and B. bassiana and evaluate the influence of B. bassiana on the life parameters of P. puparum larvae and adults. We place emphasis on how the immunity of the parasitoids activated after infection. Next-generation sequencing analysis will be used to reveal putative signaling pathways and immune genes involved in anti-fungal immune response. Significantly expressed genes between both infected larvae and adults and their control groups will be analyzed. In addition, experimental methods will be used systematically to obtain the possible biological functions of the anti-fungal genes. These experimental methods include gene cloning, protein expression, western blot and mass spectrometry for protein identification, confocal scanning microscopic imaging system for protein binding, RNA interference for function analysis. Thoughts and knowledge from this project will be beneficial for effective use of parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi. Moreover, it can fill the blank of the immune mechanism of parasitoids and provide us with theoretical basis for improving the ability of parasitoids to resist fungi in the future.