穿刺活检是早期前列腺癌(Prostate cancer, PCa)术前诊断的唯一手段，但传统影像学技术对于早期PCa的诊断及定位的准确性较低，致使初次穿刺阳性率较低，因PSA水平持续显著升高而行前列腺穿刺的患者中，初次检出的PCa仅占全部受检者的30%左右，阴性者经重复穿刺检出的Pca可达全部PCa的1/4。PET/MRI一体机，提供了多模态（MR多种显像模式、多种PET分子探针）早期准确定位Pca的可能：同机进行MRI多序列成像和灵敏反映前列腺癌磷脂代谢的11C-胆碱 PET成像，进行多参数优化组合，如SUV-ADC双参数图分析，能更好地区分良恶性病灶，优于单独使用SUV或者ADC；P-STAT3与恶性肿瘤的发生、发展及转移密切相关，已成为近年来肿瘤诊断和治疗研究探讨的新靶点，将抗P-STAT3抗体进行核素标记，可能使免疫组化的发现得到在体显示，有望成为PET/MR显像的新的分子探针。

Biopsy is the only way before surgery to diagnose early prostate cancer. Because of traditional imaging techniques for early diagnosis and locating of PCa accuracy is low, the positive rate for first biopsy is low. Among the high PSA level patients, the first biopsy can find about 30% prostate cancer，and one fourth of other negative patients proved as PCa by repeated biopsy. Hybrid PET/MRI machine provides a multimodal (a variety of MR imaging model, a variety of PET molecular probes) way for early diagnosis and accurate locating of PCa: Simultaneous multiple MR sequence and 11C-choline PET ，Multi-parameter optimization combination， such as SUV-ADC double parameters chart analysis, can differentiate benign and malignant lesions better than use SUV or ADC alone. P-STAT3 and malignant tumor is closely related to the occurrence, development and transfer，has become a cancer diagnosis and treatment of new research targets, P-STAT3 labeled with nuclide，may make the immunohistochemical findings in liquid crystal display, is expected to be PET/MR imaging of the new molecular probes.