脑出血的高致残率、致死率给家庭和社会带来巨大负担。研究者证实小胶质细胞是中枢系统的主要免疫细胞，并发现免疫细胞焦亡是引起诸多疾病的关键机制，其细胞焦亡是否参与脑出血后脑损伤的机制尚不清楚。本项目旨在阐明脑出血后小胶质细胞焦亡及其NLRP/inflammasome/caspase-1调控通路的具体机制。首先在体外激活小胶质细胞，采用RT-PCR及western blot法检测胞浆中NLRP和caspase-1的mRNA及蛋白表达含量；进一步建立大鼠脑出血模型，采用原位免疫荧光、real-time PCR、免疫组化技术检测体内小胶质细胞焦亡及NLRP/inflammasome/caspase-1调控通路的具体作用；整体观察血肿周围神经元损伤、脑水肿及肢体功能修复程度。综合分析小胶质细胞焦亡在脑出血过程的作用，为进一步明确脑出血机制、寻找新的治疗靶点提供依据。

The high rate of disability and mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage brought huge burden for family and society. The researchers confirmed that microglial is an important immune cells in central nervous system, and also found that the pyroptosis of the immune cells is a key mechanism of many diseases, but it is unclear wether or not the pyroptosis of microglial is involved in the mechanisms of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhageis. This project aims to elucidate the specific mechanisms of microglial pyroptosis and its NLRP/inflammasome/caspase-1 pathway after the intracerebral hemorrhage. Firstly, we activated microglial in vitro and tested the content of mRNA and protein of NLRP and caspase-1 in the cytoplasm by RT-PCR and Western blot ways; Furthermore, we establish the model of intracerebral hemorrhage on rats, and detect the effects on the pyroptosis and NLRP/inflammasome/caspase-1 pathway of microglial with the immunofluorescence in situ, real-time PCR and immunohistochemical technique methods; and observe the neuronal injury around the hematoma, brain edema and motor functional recovery of limbs on the whole. Comprehensively analysis the effects on the pyroptosis of microglial during the progress of intracerebral hemorrhage, we further clarify the mechanisms of intracerebral hemorrhage, and provide the basis for searching the new therapeutic targets.