注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童中约有50%-70%患儿症状可持续至成人。成人ADHD对患者的学业、职业和生活等方面产生广泛而深远的消极影响，其中有70%的患者至少共患一种精神障碍，且更容易发生交通事故及违法犯罪等问题，因此是重大的公共卫生问题。ADHD的病因及神经病理机制目前尚不清楚，多数学者认为ADHD涉及多个脑区及多重脑功能网络的异常。针对ADHD病因和发病机理的复杂性，本研究选择成人ADHD患者和正常对照被试各60例做为研究对象，拟联合使用基于静息态的高时间分辨率的脑电和高空间分辨率的功能磁共振技术，尝试揭示电生理指标与血氧代谢指标的内在联系，从时间和空间两个维度深入探索ADHD静息态的脑功能，全面地揭示ADHD的神经病理机制，寻找相关的生物学标志，为ADHD的诊断、个性化治疗策略以及治疗靶点的选择提供重要的科学依据。

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) starts in childhood, about 50%~70% of the patients present with persisting symptoms in adulthood. Adult ADHD severely affects patients' study, career and life, which has become a major public health problem. In addition, 70% of the adult ADHD patients suffer from more than one mental disorders, and they are more likely to cause traffic accidents and other crimes. The causes and neural pathological mechanisms of ADHD remain unknown, and most scholars believe ADHD is related to the abnormality of multiple brain areas and the functional connectivity between them. Considering the complexity of neural mechanisms of ADHD, this project is to recruit 60 adult ADHD patients and 60 normal subjects for control. Electroencephalograph (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data will be recorded simultaneously, which are of high temporal resolution and spatial resolution respectively, to investigate the inherent relationship between electrical physiological indices and hemodynamic indices. The proposed project attempts to describe the resting state brain functions of ADHD patients in the time scales and in the space scale, to reveal the neural pathological mechanisms of illness comprehensively and to find the relevant biological markers. The findings of the proposed project could provide important scientific evidences for the diagnosis, the design of personalized treatment strategies and the choices of treatment targets of ADHD.