植物覆盖对蕉园土壤微生物群落结构和生产力的影响机制

Exposed soil degradation is one of the most constrains for banana production. Developing the adaptable farming system is becoming an urgent issue for the sustainability of banana industry. Cover plants as an effective method of conservation tillage can retain soil moisture and nutrients, improve soil quality, and effectively enhance the soil productivity. In this study, banana as test crop which is an important cash crop in Yunnan Province, we use the traditional cropping system (bared soil) as the control, and the two treatments are natural weed cover and cultivated clover cover. By metagenomics analysis, qualitative study on the variation of microbial community structure from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of banana cropping system, and reveal the soil microbial component, abundance and diversity response characteristics to cover plants; with the 16S amplicons high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR and other molecular biology techniques, quantitative analysis the variation of soil carbon and nitrogen microbes, and clarify the mechanism of cover plants on soil carbon and nitrogen metabolism; by soil nutrients, agronomic and pest and disease surveys, elaborate the characteristics of cover plants on banana production and pest and disease, we expect to develop a new banana cropping system by this study, improve the banana agricultural ecosystems and ecological stability, and increase the economic benefits for banana producers. The outcome will be theoretical and practical implication for banana industry to sustainably use the soil in the future.

土壤裸露而退化是制约蕉园生产力的最主要限制因素之一，如何发展相适应的生产方式是促进香蕉产业可持续性发展的迫切需求。植物覆盖作为一种有效的保护性耕作方式，能够涵养水分、固持养分、提高土壤质量，进而有效提升土壤生产力水平。本研究以云南省重要的经济作物——香蕉为对象，以传统种植方式（裸露土壤）为对照组，以自然杂草和人工种植三叶草为处理组，通过宏基因组学定性研究蕉园根际和非根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化规律，揭示土壤微生物组成、丰度和多样性对蕉园植物覆盖的响应特征；通过16S扩增子高通量测序和荧光定量PCR等分子生物学技术，定量研究土壤碳氮功能微生物变化规律，阐明植物覆盖对碳氮代谢相关微生物的影响；通过土壤养分、香蕉农艺性状和病虫害调查，阐述植物覆盖对香蕉和病虫害的作用特点，以期建立新的香蕉种植模式，改善蕉园生态系统，增加其生态稳定性和蕉农经济收益，对蕉园土壤可持续利用具有重要的理论与现实意义。

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