游牧起源——伊犁谷地吉仁台沟口遗址的动物牙釉质锶同位素证据

游牧是牧民在不同地点牧场间季节性移动的放牧行为，是草原上一种高度专业化的经济生活方式。它缔造了草原文明，推动了大陆尺度的文化交流。但由于游牧生活流动性强，物质遗存少，考古学判断标准模糊，长期以来对游牧的本质特征——转场放牧——缺少有效研究。.牙釉质锶同位素能够保留牙齿形成时所在地区的地质背景，已经成为研究人群和动物迁移行为的主要工具。中国天山西端的伊犁河流域是传统的优良牧区，冬夏牧场海拔差超过2000m，而且地质条件复杂，锶同位素比值差异显著。.伊犁河流域吉仁台沟口遗址的青铜时代遗存从4200aBP延续到3000aBP，保存了大量游牧从畜牧到游牧过渡时期的信息。我们拟分析吉仁台沟口遗址青铜时代的牛、马、羊牙釉质锶同位素比值。将锶同位素比值的高分辨率序列与伊犁谷地生物可利用的锶同位素背景相比较，结合氧同位素组成，准确识别迁移个体以及可能的迁移路径。并结合考古文化分期厘定遗址记录的游牧起源。

Pastoral nomadism is a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. It is not only a highly specialized economic lifestyle on the Eurasian steppes, but also built steppe civilizations and improved cultural communications across the continent. However, hampered by its high mobility and few material remains, pastoral nomadism is quite difficult to be archaeologically recognized from various contexts and even few approaches directly related to its instinct character, transhumance..Strontium isotopes in teeth enamel trap regional geology where teeth were forming, and thus became a promising tool to understand past migration of both human beings and animals. Located in western Chinese Tianshan, Ili basin is a representative pasture for nomadic group, with altitude differences of more than 2000 m between winter and summer pastures and complex geological history, holding a great potential for tracking the migration of livestock using strontium isotopes..A recently excavated Bronze Age Jartai Pass site spans from 4200 to 3000 aBP and covers the transition to pastoral nomadism with rich livestock remains, including horses, sheep, and cattle. This project is designed to measure the livestock teeth enamel 87Sr/86Sr in the Jartai Pass site. Comparing to the bioavailable strontium baseline in the Ili basin, with combination of oxygen composition, the outlier with annual cycle will be recognized as nomadic livestock. Within the archaeologically chronological contexts, the emergence of pastoral nomadism in the basin will be well dated.