物种遗传格局的时空动态是保护生物地理学的核心议题。然而，不同时空过程及要素对物种遗传格局的影响机制及其在保护实践中的应用策略亟待研究，这成为了生物多样性保护体系优化的瓶颈。本项目拟选择我国及亚洲邻国最重要的生态安全屏障-第三极为研究区域，基于103种代表植物的遗传、分布和环境等数据整合，通过比较谱系地理学和景观遗传学分析，阐明物种遗传多样性格局及环境驱动因素；利用群体动态历史分析和物种分布区模拟，揭示植物在物种和区系水平上对历史气候变化的响应机制，探究物种分布格局的动态演化规律；进而利用空间分析将遗传和分布格局变迁进行耦合，预估未来气候变化情景下第三极植物遗传多样性的潜在丧失风险，确定保护优先区，提出第三极跨境生物多样性保护体系的优化策略。研究结果不仅有助于加深对遗传多样性分布规律和时空动态演化机制的认识，也将为第三极跨境生物多样性保护体系的构建和优化提供决策支撑，助力最后一方净土的守护。

The spatiotemporal dynamics of intraspecific genetic diversity is a fundamental aspect of conservation biogeography. However, the influence of both historical processes and contemporary environmental factors on genetic patterns are largely unknown, hindering the optimization of biodiversity conservation efforts. The proposed work will focus on the Third Pole, an ecosystem which provides essential resources for China and its neighboring countries. Based on a selection of 103 typical representative plant species, we will examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of genetic variation using genetic, distribution and environmental data. A multidisciplinary approach will be taken, combining comparative phylogeography, population genetics, landscape genetics, species distribution modelling and spatial statistics. The main objectives will be to: (1) map the genetic diversity of each species and their sum, and disentangle the roles of environmental factors in generating observed genetic patterns; (2) determine population demographical history and range shift mechanisms for each species and the floristic; (3) analyse risks from climate change, especially regarding future genetic erosion; and hence (4) identify priority areas for conservation, and propose solutions for transboundary conservation. As well as examining genetic diversity patterns and their dynamic mechanisms in space and time, this project will also provide valuable insights to inform transboundary biodiversity conservation, and aid in protecting the an ecosystem of global importance.