条锈病是严重威胁小麦安全生产的重大气传病害，源头治理及切断传播路线是治理的重要策略，该策略依赖于条锈菌起源及传播的研究。最近研究建议，喜马拉雅（巴基斯坦和尼泊尔）及临近地区（中国甘肃）为世界小麦条锈菌的起源中心。而我们的研究表明甘肃的条锈菌起源于云南，云南为中国小麦条锈菌的初菌源地。云南是否为世界小麦条锈菌的起源中心，还是来源于巴基斯坦或尼泊尔？云南和巴基斯坦、尼泊尔等南亚国家及小麦起源地如伊朗的条锈菌群体是何种关系？急待研究。研究结果将补充和完善世界小麦条锈菌传播理论，指导南亚及中国小麦条锈病的治理。本项目拟采用一套近等基因系鉴别寄主，进行条锈菌毒性基因及其频率分析，研究其时空动态；并采用条锈菌看家基因Cdc2, Ef-1α和Mapk1等，进行条锈菌群体的SNP分析。从传统及分子水平，比较研究云南与巴基斯坦、尼泊尔及伊朗条锈菌群体结构，揭示条锈菌在该地区的起源、进化及传播。

Wheat stripe rust（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst）is an important air dispersed disease which threatens wheat security severely. The strategy for controlling the disease is both headstream management and migration route cutting of Pst, and this relies on the research of origin and migration of Pst. The recent research suggested the Himalayan (Pakistan and Nepal) and neighboring regions (Gansu, China) as the putative center of origin for Pst worldwide. Our research, however, indicated that Pst in Gansu originated from Yunnan, and Yunnan was the origin center of Pst in China. Then, whether Yunnan is the center of Pst worldwide or originated from Pakistan or Nepal? And what is the relationship among the Pst populations of Yunnan, South Asia such as Pakistan and Nepal, as well as the origin center of wheat such as Iran ? These issues need to be researched urgently. The research results will not only supplement and perfect the theory of migration of Pst in the world, but also guide on the management of stripe rust in South Asia and China. In this study, we will carry out analysis of virulence genes and frequency of Pst, to research its temporal and spatial dynamic, by using a set of near-isogenic lines as differentials. Furthermore, carry out SNP analysis of Pst population by using house-keeping genes such as Cdc2, Ef-1α and Mapk1 etc. of Pst. To compare research on Pst populations among Yunnan, Pakistan, Nepal and Iran on traditional and molecular level, so as to reveal the origin, evolution and migration of Pst in these regions.