一般认为演化晚期的中小质量恒星是星际尘埃的主要贡献者，但是，随着在高红移类星体中和超新星周围检测到大量尘埃，人们逐渐认识到，超新星毋庸置疑地也是星际尘埃的重要贡献者。超新星因为其爆炸产生强烈的激波，对于星际尘埃还有复杂的破坏和改变作用。目前，超新星对星际尘埃的贡献和影响都很不清楚。本项目计划基于测光（如GALEX、Xuyi）和光谱巡天（如LAMOST、APOGEE）数据，确定一些典型超新星和超新星遗迹的消光星等和消光曲线，通过对消光曲线的尘埃模型拟合，获得对尘埃尺寸分布和成分的限制，进而估算超新星对星际尘埃质量的贡献；同时，根据超新星遗迹的红外光谱特征，从谱线轮廓和丰度对超新星产生的尘埃成分进行认证。相比大多数从辐射估算尘埃质量的方法，消光的方法不依赖于尘埃温度并且降低吸收系数的不确定性，具有更高的精度，也是对辐射方法的补充和验证。本项目的完成有助于系统地了解超新星对星际尘埃的贡献和影响。

It is generally believed that the main contributor to the interstellar dust is the evolved low- and intermediate-mass stars. However, supernovae are also an important contributor to interstellar dust, which is proved by the detection of large amount of dust in the high-redshift quasars and around supernovae. On the other hand, supernovae destroy and change interstellar dust due to its strong shock wave. The supernovae’s contribution to and effects on interstellar dust is not clear. This proposal will be based on photometric and spectroscopic surveys to: (1) determine the extinction curve to some typical supernovae and supernovae remnant; (2) obtain the dust properties by modelling the extinction curve; (3) estimate the interstellar dust mass contributed by supernova both from the extinction and the spectral energy distribution. In addition, the dust component in supernova remnant will be constrained from the infrared spectral profile and elemental abundance. In comparison with the most popular method to estimate the dust mass contribution, i.e. to fit the spectral energy distribution, the proposed method, which is based on the extinction and extinction curve, avoids the uncertainty of the dust temperature and takes a more reasonable dust absorption coefficient. Thus this project will lead to a more precise estimation of the dust mass contribution by supernovae to interstellar dust.