针对MBBR水处理工艺中的载体流化效果差、挂膜速率慢、易堵塞和磨损等问题，如何构建生物膜和控制生物膜的有效活性是提升该工艺应用潜能的关键所在。课题拟以潜在优良多孔材料—聚氨酯脲有机载体为研究对象，从宏观、介观和微观三个层面，开展以生物膜特性变化表征为核心，悬浮载体改性和宏观水处理条件对生物膜形成和有效活性保持的影响机制研究。首先，通过合成不同特性的载体材料并应用于MBBR系统，揭示载体物化性质与生物膜构建及生物膜活性保持的内在影响规律；其次，通过改变不同运行条件，收集MBBR工艺运行参数与特定载体表面生物膜的构建及生物膜活性的关联数据，明确宏观运行条件对微观生物膜特性的作用机制；最后，通过对比有-无外界辅助条件下，生物群体自调控对生物膜更新和活性保持的作用机制，探索最大限度发挥自调控以原位保持生物膜活性的有效方法。该课题具有重要的理论科学意义和实际应用价值。

In view of the problems in MBBR water treatment process, such as poor fluidization, slow film formation rate, easy to block and wear, how to construct biofilm and control the effective activity of biofilm is the key to improve the application potential of this process. The polyurethane urea, a potential porous material, is to be used as organic carrier in this project. The influence mechanisms of the modification of suspended carrier and the macroscopic water treatment conditions on the biofilm formation and the effective activity maintenance will be studied from the macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic levels, with biofilm characterization as the core issue. Firstly, the PU carrier materials with different characteristics is to be synthesized and applied into MBBR system. The intrinsic influencing laws of physicochemical properties of the carrier on the biofilm construction and biofilm activity maintenance can be revealed. Secondly, by changing different operating conditions and collecting relevant data of MBBR process operating parameters and construction and activity of biofilm on specific carrier surface, the action mechanism of macroscopic operating conditions on microscopic biofilm characteristics can be clarified. Finally, by analyzing the action mechanism of biological self-regulation on biofilm renewal and activity maintenance with and without external assistance, an effective method to maximize self-regulation to maintain biofilm activity in situ can be supposed to be developed. This subject has important theoretical and scientific significance and practical application value.