冲击力校准被广泛应用于机械装备动态特性的高品质溯源上。校准的原理是基于刚体假设，采用高速垂直碰撞法将落锤上端面测量点的冲击力近似为下端面撞击点的冲击力。但是，落锤不是绝对刚体，载荷的衰减会造成测量点与撞击点的冲击力互不相等，产生复杂规律的校准误差。为了解决该问题，本项目采用结构化拓扑关联分析法对落锤的冲击力衰减建立误差溯源机制，揭示校准误差的复杂规律；采用分数阶灰色模型和卡尔曼滤波的误差分离方法，对落锤测量点的结构响应建立样本连续滤波模型；利用奇异值分解和迭代Tikhonov正则化方法建立载荷重构模型，采用全局度量学习方法实现核函数矩阵的稀疏表征和正则化参数的分段优化；根据误差分布规律，采用上述样本连续滤波模型和分段载荷重构模型实现冲击力校准误差的动态补偿，并实现测量不确定度的评定。本项目拟研究的误差溯源机制和误差补偿方法可以构建落锤式冲击力校准的基础理论体系，对高精度动态力计量意义重大。

The impact force calibration is widely applied to the high-quality measurement traceability for dynamic characteristics of mechanical equipment. According to the theoretical hypothesis of a rigid body, the calibration principle is that the impact force on the measuring point approximately equals to that on the collision point, when a vertical collision of a drop hammer happens. Because the drop hammer is not a rigid structure actually, however, the impact forces at these two points are completely different after the load attenuation happens. This difference will generate calibration errors with a variable rule in the case of the impact force measurement. A dynamic compensation method, in this project, is proposed to overcome the calibration errors. First, to represent the characteristics of the calibration errors, the error traceability model of the load attenuation is built by using a structured topological association analysis method. Second, to smooth the structural response on the measuring point of the drop hammer, a hybrid error separation method is built by using a fractional grey model and a Kalman filter. Third, a dynamic load reconstruction model is built both by utilizing a singular value decomposition and an iterative Tikhonov regularization. According to a global measurement learning approach, this model is optimized by introducing a sparse matrix and a piecewise iterations. Fourth, with the help of the suggested hybrid error separation method and the optimized dynamic load reconstruction model, the calibration errors are dynamic compensated according to its characteristics. After that, the measurement uncertainty of the impact force calibration system is evaluated. In all, both the error traceability strategy and its compensation method of this project will improve the basic theoretical system of the hammer based impact force calibration. As well, this project is of great significance to the accurate measurement of the dynamic force.