鸭驯化改良过程的主效和微效基因鉴定及其作用机制研究

家养动物在被人类驯化过程中，形态、行为、繁殖等性状都发生了剧烈变化，形成了表型丰富、性能各异的品种，驯化改良过程是研究遗传与表型关联的理想模型。相对于容易鉴定的单基因性状，研究多基因共同调控决定的复杂性状，需要变异来源清楚、驯化历程清晰的大群体来构造研究体系。而鸭具有基因组小、驯化时间短、历史清晰、选育强度大、野生和地方品种容易获取等优点，是研究驯化过程从基因到表型变异规律的理想模型。目前我们已经构建了绿头野鸭×北京鸭F2资源群体，同时采集并测序了绿头野鸭、12个地方品种、北京鸭保种群、北京鸭Z2系共1226个样品。通过研究从野鸭到北京鸭的驯化改良历程并进行多性状的全基因组关联分析，系统筛查主效和微效基因，结合开放染色质和三维基因组等组学信息，探索驯化性状主效/微效基因互作及其内在分子机制，有望对家养动物在人工选择驱动力下的微进化理论和驯化改良性状的组学基础做出崭新贡献。

Domestication of farm animals has resulted in notable change in behavior, morphology, and reproduction traits, then formed a variety of breeds with different phenotype. Therefore, the microevolution from wild to domesticated and improved animals were the ideal resources to investigate the relationship between genetic diversity and phenotypic variation. Compared with the simple traits which were regulated by single or few genes, we need a large population with known variation origins and clear history of the domestication process to simplify and focus on the complicated traits, which were regulated by multiple minor effect genes. The demands above were quite difficult to fully achieve in most of the mammals. However, several features in duck, such as smaller genome size, short and clear history of the domestication, large and available wild and indigenous breed populations, make it a best model for domestication research. Currently, we have created, sampled and sequencing a total of 1226 samples, including a Pekin duck × mallard F2 resource population, mallard, indigenous breeds, preserved Pekin ducks and Z2 line of Pekin duck. Through systematically screening the major/minor effect genes and their intricate interactions based on genome-wide association study, combining with transposase-accessible chromatin and three-dimensional genomics information, we will lay a brand new microevolution theoretical basis of farm animal undergone artificial selection and illustrate the omic-base of domestication and improvement traits.