研发薄、轻、宽、强、智能化和多功能的新型吸波材料是吸波领域的热点和发展方向。我们研究发现，将磁和介电损耗材料与有机物复合而成的气凝胶，具备轻质、疏水、隔热和高效电磁波吸收特性，但机理尚不十分清楚。本项目拟在前期工作基础上，基于分级结构磁-介电异质纤维（针状FeCo阵列垂直生长在碳纳米纤维上），利用有机-无机成份协同作用构造多功能气凝胶吸波材料（具备压缩回复、超疏水和隔热性），研究异质纤维微观结构和气凝胶三维立体结构调控对高频电磁性能的影响机制。结合微磁学和有限元模拟，通过调控磁阵列偶极作用、尖端效应和界面异质结构，提高磁/介电损耗能力；研究气凝胶纤维交织结构、导电网络结构和多级孔结构对电磁性能的调控机理；探索气凝胶反复压缩形变时，纤维间距、取向、孔隙率、孔尺寸等结构参数变化对吸波性能的影响，建立多尺度结构与吸波性能的关联，实现高效电磁波吸收的原位动态调控，为新型多功能吸波材料发展提供指导。

The development of new microwave absorbing materials that are thin, light, wide, strong, intelligent and multifunctional is a hot topic and development direction in the field of microwave absorption. Our recent research has found that aerogel assembled with magnetic/dielectric-loss materials and organic materials has low-density, hydrophobic, heat-insulating and high-efficiency microwave absorption characteristics. But the mechanism is not fully understood. Based on the previous work, in this project, we will fabricate magnetic-dielectric heterogeneous fibers (needle-shaped FeCo arrays are vertically grown on carbon nanofibers), and prepare multifunctional aerogel-type microwave absorbing materials using the synergistic effect of organic-inorganic components. (with compression recovery, superhydrophobicity and thermal insulation properties). We will focus on studying the influences of the microstructure of heterogeneous fibers and the three-dimensional structure of aerogel on high-frequency electromagnetic properties. Combined with micro-magnetic and finite element simulations, we will improve the magnetic/dielectric loss capabilities of heterogeneous fibers by regulating the dipole interaction between magnetic arrays, tip effect and interface heterostructure. Moreover, we will regulate the high-frequency electromagnetic performance of the aerogel by adjusting its fiber-interconnected structure, conductive network structure and multiscale pore structure. Finally, we will investigate the variation of microwave absorbing properties with the structural change of aerogel (such as fiber spacing and orientation, porosity and pore size) during the repeated compression process, and clarify the correlation between multiscale structure and microwave absorbing performance. The highly efficient microwave absorption properties of the aerogel can be in-situ dynamically regulated. This research can provide guidance for the development of new multifunctional microwave absorbing materials.