土壤细菌种间作用影响群落组成的原位微宇宙实验研究

That soil bacteria interact with each other through diverse interactions, can be important ecological processes shaping soil bacterial community composition, but which received little attention. Theoretical studies indicate that multiple stable states of community can appear due to interspecific interactions, dependent on different migration history during community assembly and/or frequency-dependent population growth. Such processes reduce the match between environmental factors and community composition, and might account for the variations in community composition that cannot be explained by environmental factors in observational studies. The influence of interspecific interactions on soil bacterial communities is difficult to be accurately inferred from patterns, but can be directly tested through in situ manipulative microcosm experiments. In this proposed project, three in situ microcosm experiments will be carried out in a forest ecosystem. Firstly, a community transplantation experiment will be conducted to provide direct evidence of interspecific interactions shaping soil bacterial community composition, and to quantify the relative importance of environmental factors and interspecific interactions. Secondly, the specific mechanisms of interspecific interactions shaping community composition will be revealed through manipulating community migrating history and invading local diversity-manipulated communities with foreign community. The goal of this project is supplementing previous studies focusing on environmental factors shaping soil bacterial community, and providing solid experimental evidence for a comprehensive understanding of ecological processes determining soil bacterial community composition.

土壤细菌间存在多样化的相互作用，是影响群落组成的重要生态学过程，但获得的关注却相对较少。群落生态学理论研究表明，种间作用可通过迁移历史的差异以及频率依赖的种群增长过程导致群落存在多稳定状态，降低环境因子对群落组成的解释力。观测性研究中不能被环境因子解释的群落组成变异很有可能由上述过程产生。种间作用的影响很难由格局出发进行准确地推断，但可由土壤细菌群落原位微宇宙操纵实验进行直接检验。本项目计划在森林生态系统中开展三个原位微宇宙实验。首先通过群落移植实验提供细菌种间作用影响群落组成的直接证据，并比较环境因子和种间作用在决定土壤细菌群落组成过程中的相对重要性；其次，通过操纵群落迁移历史和利用异地群落入侵具有多样性梯度的本地群落，揭示种间作用影响群落组成的具体机制。本项目研究内容是对以往聚焦环境因子相关的土壤细菌群落研究的重要补充，将为全面理解决定土壤细菌群落组成的生态学过程提供坚实的实验证据。

土壤细菌种间相互作用是复杂的，动态变化的，是影响土壤细菌群落物种多样性和物种组成的重要生态学过程。种间相互作用对群落结构的影响依赖于非生物环境和生物环境，使得种间作用的影响很难由格局出发进行推断。本项目计划以微宇宙实验为主要研究手段，探究非生物环境和生物环境依赖的土壤细菌种间相互作用影响群落结构的生态学过程。..首先，通过开展温度操控实验，验证波动温度通过减缓竞争排除促进群落物种多样性维持的假说。此外，通过对全球尺度和区域尺度土壤细菌群落观测数据进行整合分析，从大尺度多样性分布格局为上述假说提供支持。然后，通过开展群落融合实验和物种添加实验，揭示生物环境对土壤细菌物种表现以及群落物种组成的特异性的影响。实验结果表明生物环境依赖的种间相互作用可能与群落的进化历史有关，且会导致群落存在多稳定状态。..本项目研究利用严格的操纵实验，提供了非生物环境和生物环境依赖的种间作用影响土壤细菌群落结构的坚实证据，特别是在非生物环境和生物环境影响种间相互作用的定量分析方面取得了一定的突破。本项目研究成果将为全面理解决定土壤细菌群落组成的生态学过程提供新的见解。

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