细菌性阴道病是育龄期女性常见的下生殖道感染性疾病，主要是由于阴道菌群失调所引起。目前经规范治疗后3个月内复发率高达30%。由于对其病因，即对阴道菌群构成变化缺乏深入研究，使得在临床治疗上很难进行有针对性的个体化诊疗。本研究将以高通量测序、长度多态性片段PCR（LH-PCR）技术及Real-time PCR技术为主要研究手段，探讨细菌性阴道病经规范治疗后，复发人群及不复发人群在6个月内阴道分泌物的菌群构成及变化。通过统计分析，确定细菌性阴道病复发与阴道菌群结构及数量变化的相关性，以及导致细菌性阴道病复发的具体菌群特征及种属信息。同时进一步探索将LH-PCR技术用于临床分子检测阴道菌群结构变化的可行性。本研究将以探索细菌性阴道病复发的微生态菌群变化作为出发点，以防止及减少细菌性阴道病复发、指导临床治疗为研究目的，为实现分子方法对细菌性阴道病不同亚型分层诊断及恰当治疗提供理论基础及技术支持。

Bacterial vaginosis(BV) is a common disease of females in childbearing age. It is mainly caused by a disorder in the vaginal bacterial structure. The presence of bacterial vaginosis is associated with an increased risk of upper genital tract and sexually transmitted infections and with the acquisition of HIV. After standardized treatment, the common recurrence rates of bacterial vaginosis within three months are about 30%. The personal treatments may not be realized because we do not fully understand the etiological factors, e.g. the structures of bacterial communities in vagina. In this study we montior the varations and distributions of bacterial communities in the vagina of the reoccurring patients and cured patients within six months by means of molecular techniques, including high-throughput sequencing-454 Pyrosequencing, amplicon length heterogeneity PCR (LH-PCR), and real-time PCR. We focus on the relationship between recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal microbiota, as well as the characteristics and composition of bacterial communities. In addition, in order to replace the traditional cluture-dependent technique in detecting bacterial communities, the feasibility that applying a fingerprint technique-amplicon length heterogeneith PCR(LH-PCR) in clinical inspection will be discussed in the study. Therefore,the purpose of this study is to understand the microbial ecology mechanism behind reoccurring bacterial vaginosis, with an emphasis placed on recurrence prevention and clinical treatment.