超重核合成相关的原子核结构研究

探索原子核的电荷和质量极限，合成长寿命超重核是当前原子核物理研究的重要前沿问题。原子核的结构性质，包括重离子熔合蒸发反应过程中涉及到的诸多原子核的基态性质，超重核的基态和鞍点性质、裂变位垒、同核异能态等，对于研究超重核的合成机制至关重要。例如，原子核的壳层结构决定超重岛的位置，进而与超重核的寿命及合成机制等关联起来。本项目拟发展和利用相对论平均场模型和宏观微观模型等理论，研究超重核合成相关的原子核结构，包括（1）原子核的基态性质：研究重离子熔合蒸发反应过程中涉及到的诸多原子核的基态性质,研究超重核区壳层结构及幻数，探讨超重岛的位置，研究超重核的质量、形状等性质；（2）原子核的势能面及裂变位垒：研究重核与超重核的势能面、鞍点性质、鞍点及其附近原子核的形状特性、裂变路径以及裂变相关的质量参数等；（3）前述模型的发展和改进。

The exploration of charge and mass limits of atomic nuclei and the synthesis of long-lived or even stable superheavy nuclei are on the frontier of modern nuclear physics. The structure properties, including the ground state properties of nuclei involved in heavy ion fusion reactions and properties of superheavy nuclei at their ground states and saddle points, the fission barriers of superheavy nuclei, the isomeric states in superheavy nuclei, etc., are important in the study of the synthesis mechanism of superheavy nuclei. For example, the shell structure of nuclei in the superheavy region determines the location of the island of stability, thus being related to the lifetimes and synthesis of superheavy nuclei. In this project we will study the structure of nuclei related to the synthesis mechanism of superheavy nuclei by using and developing the relativistic mean field models and the macroscopic-microscopic models. Namely, (1) The ground state properties: We will study the ground state properties of nuclei involved in heavy ion fusion reactions and the shell structure of superheavy nuclei, explore the location of the island of stability, study the binding energy and shape of superheavy nuclei; (2) The potential energy surface and fission barrier: We will investigate the potential energy surface and properties of heavy and superheavy nuclei at and around saddle points, investigate fission paths and mass parameters along fission paths; (3) Further development and improvement of our models.