外泌体是一种具有脂质双层膜结构的纳米级囊泡，能较好地包被其内含的miRNAs及功能性蛋白质等物质，并将生物分子运送至靶细胞，从而参与机体的调控。近年来，外泌体在骨组织损伤修复领域显示出了其独特的应用效应，逐渐成为研究的热点。如何将外泌体更好地负载到组织工程支架材料中，在保护其生物活性的同时实现对外泌体的缓释和控释是目前亟需解决的问题。本项目创新性地利用同轴静电纺丝技术，将脂肪干细胞来源的外泌体负载进入芯-壳结构纳米纤维支架中，并利用细胞学、分子生物学等技术及动物实验，分别从体内和体外两方面探讨该复合材料在骨组织工程中的应用及相关分子机制，以期为临床上骨缺损的修复提供理论依据及治疗思路。

Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure, could effectively encapsulate their functional materials, such as miRNAs and proteins. By conveying these biomolecules to the recipient cells, exosomes can participate in the modulation of physiological activity. The exosome has become the focus of researchers in recent years due to its unique application effect in bone tissue damage repair. Researchers aimed to address the following issues: how to effectively load exosomes into tissue engineering scaffold; and how to achieve the sustained and controlled release of exosomes while protecting their biological activities. The present study innovatively utilized coaxial electrospinning technology to load exosomes derived from adipose stem cells into the core-shell nanofiber scaffold. By utilizing cytological, molecular biological techniques, and animal experiments, we aimed to investigate the application of this composite scaffold to bone tissue engineering and related molecular mechanisms. Results obtained in this study might provide a theoretical basis and treatment option for bone defect repair in clinical practice.