超导和磁性是凝聚态物质中最重要的两种宏观量子现象之一，通过两者之间的相互耦合又可以衍生出更加新奇的物态。最近的理论和实验表明低维的磁性结构在超导材料表面能够诱导形成拓扑超导电性，这种新奇的物理性质会为将来的量子计算提供新的平台。本项目拟利用低温自旋极化扫描隧道显微镜（STM）技术在超导体表面实现低维磁性结构的人工构筑，新奇物态的微观表征和调控。期望通过低温STM原子操纵技术在超导材料表面精确构筑低维磁性结构；利用低温强磁场和自旋极化STM技术来测量人工构筑的低维磁性结构的电子态结构和自旋态信息；并且通过外加矢量磁场或控制磁性结构的构型来实现新奇量子态的调控。通过本项目的开展，可以提高我们对超导和低维磁性耦合所产生的拓扑超导态的认识和调控能力，为其将来在量子计算和量子信息方面的应用研究提供基本的物理原理和图像。

Superconductivity and magnetism are two of the most important collective quantum phenomena in condensed matter. Their interplay and coupling can induce even exotic quantum phenomenon. The recent theoretical and experimental works demonstrate that low-dimensional magnets grown on superconducting materials will induce topological superconductivity. This novel phenomenon may provide a new platform for quantum computing in the future. In this project, we propose to use low-temperature spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to engineer low-dimensional magnets on superconducting surfaces, characterize and control the emerged novel quantum phenomenon. We are planning to use atom-manipulation technique with low-temperature STM to precisely assemble low-dimensional magnets atom-by-atom, and measure their electronic structure and magnetic properties with high magnetic field and spin-polarized STM. By carrying out this project, we are to make dramatic improvement in the ability of comprehensive understanding and control of the topological superconductivity induced by the coupling between low-dimensional magnets and superconductors. This will provide basic principles and physical images for its applications in quantum computation and quantum information.