基于树形大分子的高性能反渗透混合基质膜研究

基于纳米材料的混合基质方法是制备兼具高通量、高截留和耐污染的高性能反渗透复合膜的有效手段，但制膜过程中面临的最大挑战在于如何精密控制纳米材料的尺寸、分散性及其与聚合基质间的相容性。本项目旨在设计、合成多种具有特殊结构的树形大分子作为有机纳米材料引入到聚酰胺选择性分离层中，以制备高性能的反渗透复合膜。优化合成条件，实现目标大分子的可控制备，获得粒径小、易分散、相容好的树形大分子有机纳米材料；探索树形大分子对界面聚合反应过程的影响规律，优化制膜工艺，建立有效的调控方法；阐明树形大分子结构与混合基质膜性能的构效关系及其与制膜工艺的协同调控机制；进一步采用分子模拟方法深入揭示树形大分子对混合基质膜选择渗透行为的作用机理，以指导高性能反渗透膜的可控制备。本项目有望为我国反渗透复合膜的创新发展提供新思路并揭示新规律。

Nanomaterial-based mixed-matrix method is an effective approach to fabricate high performance reverse osmosis (RO) membrane with high water flux, ideal salt rejection ratio, and antifouling property. However, it still remains a big challenge to precisely control not only the size and dispersity of the nanomaterials but also the compatibility between the nanomaterials and the polyamide matrix. This project aims to design and synthesize several dendritic macromoleculars as organic nanomaterials and then introduce them into the selective separation polyamide layer for novel high performance reverse osmosis membranes. The target dendritic macromolecules with small size, favorable dispersity and compatability will be prepared in a controlled way via optimization of synthesis conditions. The interfacial polymerization reaction process will be controlled and adjusted with a deep insight in the effects of dendritic macromolecules on the interfacial reaction. Based on these results, the relationship of the structure of dendritic macromolecules and the performances of the RO membranes will be explored. Furthermore, the molecular simulation will be used to investigate the possible mechanism of promoted transmission action with particular selectivity and permeability derived from the incorporation of dendritic macromolecules in RO membrane. In summary, the present work will demonstrate a novel mixed-matrix approach incorporated with dendritic macromolecules to develop the high performance reverse osmosis membranes, which will give a new light on the fabrication of novel functional RO membranes.