功能性磁共振波谱（fMRS）可以无创性检测任务刺激下脑神经递质及其相关代谢物的动态变化，是波谱研究的发展方向和探索精神疾病病理机制的重要手段。申请人在既往研究中发现社交焦虑障碍患者前额叶背外侧皮层的肌酸浓度显著降低，并据此提出了以谷氨酸等神经递质异常活动为信号通路源头，以能量代谢失衡为桥梁环节，以神经元功能失常为受损靶点的神经生化机制假说。为验证这一假设，本课题拟通过适当的任务刺激在实验环境中构建焦虑状态，通过优化序列提高MRS的空间分辨率和时间分辨率，通过适时重建fMRI数据揭示异常激活的脑功能区作为MRS的感兴趣区，检测谷氨酸、伽马氨基丁酸等神经递质及其相关代谢产物在"静息-任务刺激（致焦虑刺激 vs 中性刺激）-静息"三种不同功能状态下的动态改变。本课题的实施将为社交焦虑障碍的诊治提供理论依据、客观评价手段和治疗作用靶点。

Functional MR spectroscopy (fMRS) is capable of in-vivo, non-invasive detection of the dynamic changes of neurotransmitters and related metabolites in task-induced brain activation, and therefore stands at the forefront of MRS researches and serves as a useful methods for studies of psychiatrical disorders. The applicants, based on their previous findings of significantly decreased creatine level in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in social anxiety disorder (SAD) hypothesize that the neurobiochemical mechanism of SAD consists of the initial overactivity of neurotransmitters like glutamate, the subsequent imbalance of energy metabolism and the final dysfunction of neurons. To verify this hypothesis, this project is designed to explore the changes of glutamate, gamma--aminobutyric acid etc. under different functional state, e.g., rest-task ( anxiety stimuli vs neutral stimuli)-rest, using optimized task design, optimized MRS sequences for better spatial the temporal resolution and fMRI-based selection of volume of interest. The application of this project is expected to provide theoretical support, objective evaluation method, as well as treatment target for the management of SAD.