精准可控的透皮给药技术在智能化糖尿病治疗中具有重要意义。当今微针和离子泳技术在透皮药物递送方面取得了乐观进展，但微针难于以可控的方式递送药物，而离子泳难于透皮递送胰岛素等大分子药物。这些难点限制了微针、离子泳技术分别与智能血糖传感器联用治疗糖尿病。基于在微针和微纳制造领域的前期基础，本研究创新性提出将微针微创、无痛、高效透皮的特点，同离子泳给药技术电场精确调控药物递送的优势相结合，以期实现高效精确的胰岛素透皮控释。采用微纳加工技术制备多孔结构微针，进一步与装载胰岛素的水凝胶微针基底，以及离子泳电极集成为新型离子泳—多孔微针复合给药系统。利用微针无痛透皮，并在电场驱动和控制下，使胰岛素经微针中多孔微通道进入皮下释放；探索胰岛素释放速率同微针孔隙率及离子泳电场参数的关系；以糖尿病小鼠为模型，评估给药系统的血糖调控效果。本项目有望为智能化透皮精准递送胰岛素治疗糖尿病提供创新给药策略和技术基础。

Precise and controllable transdermal drug delivery technology is of great significance in the smart diabetes therapy. Nowadays, microneedle and iontophoresis are both promising technologies for transdermal drug delivery. While it is difficult for microneedles to deliver drugs in a controlled manner, and it is challenging for iontophoresis to transdermally deliver macromolecular drugs such as insulin. These handicaps limit the opportunity to couple microneedle or iontophoresis technologies with wearable smart glucose sensors for diabetes treatment. Based on the researching fundamentals on microneedle technology and micro-nano manufacturing, this project innovatively proposes the integration of microneedles with the characteristic of mini-invasive, painless, efficient transdermal and iontophoresis which could precisely regulate drug delivery by electric field, aiming to achieve efficient and precise transdermal controlled-release of insulin. Firstly, to construct the novel iontophoresis-porous microneedle composite drug delivery system, microneedles with porous structure will be fabricated via micro-nano processing, and further integrated with insulin-loaded hydrogel microneedle substrate and iontophoresis electrode. This system would painlessly penetrate the skin with the assistance of microneedles and release insulin subcutaneously through the porous micro-tunnels inside of microneedles, under the drive and the control of the electric field. Moreover, the relationships among the porosity of the microneedle, the parameter of the electric field and the releasing rate of the insulin will be explored. Finally, the blood glucose regulation effect of the drug delivery system will be evaluated on diabetes mouse models. This project is expected to provide an innovative drug delivery strategy and technical basis for smart and precise transdermal insulin delivery to treat diabetes.