甘蔗黑穗病是目前影响我国甘蔗生产的主要病害，已成为蔗糖产业可持续发展的制约因素。筛选抗病种质资源、开发与抗性基因紧密连锁的分子标记、克隆抗病基因、选育和种植抗病品种等，是最经济安全有效的防治方法。在前期研究中，我们已利用简化基因组测序技术构建了甘蔗遗传连锁图谱，并重复定位到2个稳定的抗甘蔗黑穗病的主效QTLs。在此基础上，本研究拟利用甘蔗公共数据库中的抗性相关基因、BSR（Bulked Segregant RNA sequencing）法得到的差异表达抗性相关基因开发该主效QTLs区域内的抗病连锁标记，并应用关联分析法在甘蔗核心种质群体中进行验证获得紧密连锁标记，再通过所获得的紧密连锁标记辅助选择获得同时聚合两个生理小种抗性的高效抗病优良育种材料，为甘蔗抗黑穗病新品种培育提供基因来源和技术支持，同时项目的完成还可为甘蔗抗黑穗病基因的精细定位、克隆及提高甘蔗抗黑穗病分子育种效率奠定坚实基础。

Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitaminea Syd. is the main disease in sugarcane production in China, which has become a major constaints for the sustainable development of sugar industry. Screening resistant germplasm resources, developing molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes, cloning resistance genes, breeding and planting resistance varieties are the most economical, safe and effective methods to control sugarcane smut. In the preliminary study, we have constructed sugarcane genetic linkage map by using simplified genome sequencing technology and repeatedly located two stable major QTLs for sugarcane smut resistance. In this project, we intend to identify resistance genes from sugarcane public database and BSR (Bulked Segregant RNA sequencing) to develop markers linked to major QTLs. Then the close linked markers will be determined by association analysis with sugarcane core collection and elite clones will be obtained by molecular marker-assisted selection. The project will provide gene sources and technical support for breeding new varieties resistant to smut, lay a good foundation for fine mapping and cloning the genes resistant to smut and improvement of molecular breeding efficiency for sugarcane smut resistance.