甘蔗黑穗病是甘蔗生产中重要的病害，可造成感病品种蔗茎产量和蔗糖分的严重损失。目前，在甘蔗抗黑穗病分子育种方面的研究进展仅仅集中在连锁标记的开发，对抗病基因特别是生理生化抗性的定位或分离、以及有效利用分子标记辅助甘蔗抗黑穗病聚合育种的研究未见报道。本研究拟建立一个200个以上单株的作图群体，利用已建立的作图效率高且标记稳定遗传的分子标记技术体系，构建一张包含2000个单剂量标记的高密度甘蔗遗传连锁图谱，对甘蔗黑穗病两个生理小种的生理生化抗性QTL分别进行精确定位，并通过其紧密连锁标记辅助选择获得同时聚合两个生理小种高效抗病基因的优良育种材料。项目的完成可为甘蔗抗黑穗病抗性基因发掘及抗病分子育种奠定良好基础。

Sugarcane smut caused by Ustilago scitaminea Syd. is one of the most severe disease in sugarcane production, resulting in serious losses of cane yield and sugar content for susceptible varieties. To date, the research progress in the molecular breeding for sugarcane smut resistance has just focused on the exploitation of molecular markers, however, location or cloning of the resistance genes, as well as the application of molecular marker-assisted selection for sugarcane smut resistance has not been successfully reported. In this project we intend to construct a genetic linkage map containing 2000 single dose markers, locate QTL of two races respectively for physiological-biochemical resistance to smut and obtain elite clones by pyramiding resistance genes for both two races. The project will lay a good foundation for sugarcane molecular breeding to smut resistance.