廉价金属二维超薄纳米结构以其优异的电催化活性和低廉的原料成本在能源转换、工业电解等领域展现出极高的应用潜力，然而其可控制备一直是限制其发展的瓶颈。申请人针对传统“自下而上”合成方法的局限性，拟发展“原位拓扑化学转化”的合成新方法，通过对较易制备的廉价金属化合物层状结构前驱体原位化学还原实现廉价金属二维超薄纳米结构的可控合成；通过探究廉价金属原位拓扑还原动力学过程，掌握二维超薄金属拓扑转化过程中晶体结构的变化规律，建立廉价金属合金的多组分协同拓扑转化转化机制，实现组成可调、尺寸可控二维超薄金属的构筑；通过发展多种表面化学调控手段，实现二维超薄金属及金属合金纳米片的表面物质组成、缺陷浓度和电子结构的精确调控，进而结合构效关系研究，实现廉价金属二维超薄纳米结构的定向设计与制备。该研究不仅将丰富二维纳米材料家族，更将进一步推动无机纳米结构可控合成方法的发展，为新能源器件的应用提供新的机遇。

Attribute to the high electrocatalytic performance and low cost, ultrathin non-precious-metal 2 dimensional (2D) nanostructures have shown great potential as active electrode material in electrocatalytic energy conversion and electrolysis fields. However, the controlled synthesis is the bottleneck for its further development right now. Aiming at the limitations of traditional “bottom-up” synthetic strategy, the applicants intend to develop a “in situ topotactic conversion” method to reduce the metal compound 2D precursors into 2D non-precious-metal nanosheets. Furthermore, through deep investigation on topotactic conversion kinetics, the crystalline structure evolution behavior and synergistic conversion mechanism could be uncovered, which could guide the synthesis and composition/size control of 2D non-precious-metal nanosheets. Besides, through the development of surface chemical modification methods, the surface composition, defect concentration and electronic structure could be well tuned. Combined with structure-activity relationship investigation, directional design and fabrication of 2D non-precious-metal nanosheets could be achieved. This research will not only enrich the 2D nanomaterial family, but also promote the development of inorganic synthetic method, and it will further provide new opportunities for the application of new energy devices.