太平洋牡蛎壳色性状的遗传规律及分子基础研究

太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）自然分布于中国、日本和韩国，是世界上养殖范围最广、产量最大的海洋贝类。本项目拟选用经过3代定向选育、性状较为稳定的4种壳色（白色、黑色、金黄色和紫色）太平洋牡蛎为研究素材，通过利用完全双列杂交构建相同壳色的自交家系以及不同壳色间的正反杂交家系，查明太平洋牡蛎壳色的遗传模式及与生长发育的关系；利用基于AFLP和微卫星标记的基因组扫描技术，鉴定太平洋牡蛎壳色性状连锁的分子标记，并进行遗传定位；利用高通量转录组测序，分析不同壳色太平洋牡蛎的基因表达模式，鉴定壳色相关的主要候选基因；利用RACE技术，克隆壳色形成关键基因的cDNA全长，分析基因结构、编码氨基酸序列及同源性，并查清其表达特性。研究结果对于阐明太平洋牡蛎壳色性状的遗传机制、培育壳色相关优良品种具有重要意义。

The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), naturally distributed in China, Japan and Korea, is a major global aquaculture species, ranking first in the production among all aquaculture shellfish species. In a breeding program, four shell color lines of C. gigas have been established through successive family selection for three generations. To clarify the inheritance pattern of shell colors and their associations with differences in development, growth, and survival, a complete diallel cross including all parental lines and reciprocal crosses will be performed among four shell color lines of C. gigas. Molecular markers tightly linked to the shell color traits will be identified by combining AFLP- and SSR-based genome scans, and be located on genetic linkage groups of C. gigas. We will take a transcriptomic approach to identify the candidate genes involved in shell color development and variation in C. gigas, clone the full length cDNA sequences of the key genes with color-related expression by using RACE method, conduct the cDNA sequence prediction, the protein prediction and phylogenetic analysis, and investigate mRNA differential expression in different tissues of C. gigas. This work will benefit comprehension of the genetic mechanism of shell color traits, and selective breeding in terms of shell colors in C. gigas.