基于宏基因组学的HIV感染者口腔微生态与血液免疫因子的相关性研究

口腔感染是艾滋病最早期的症状之一，常作为口腔医生发现可疑感染者的临床指导依据。研究发现艾滋病致病菌---人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染机体后，机体免疫功能受到严重损伤，口腔唾液微生态亦发生明显紊乱，加重口腔感染。临床上可在治疗早期，通过血液免疫指标评估机体免疫状况，选择和调整治疗方案，改善预后。然而血液检测具有创伤性和危险性，不易被患者接受。因此，寻找更加简便、无创的生物学指标具有十分重要的意义。唾液作为体液的一种，其成分与血液有50%的相似性，且取材方便、无创伤。因此，本课题组计划运用宏基因组和蛋白质组学的方法，研究口腔唾液微生物和蛋白在HIV感染者治疗前后的动态变化和差异，并与血液中的免疫因子进行相关性分析，从而寻找可代替血液、指示机体免疫状况、预测治疗效果的无创生物学指标。

Oral infections are the earliest symptoms of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and can be as an indicator for dentists to diagnose the suspicious infections. After HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), the pathogen of AIDS, infects the human body, some specific alterations occur in both the immune system and the saliva microbiome which aggravate oral infections. Several blood indices in the early stage of treatment have been used clinically to evaluate the immune status, re-adjust the treatment program and improve the prognosis. However, blood tests are invasive and dangerous which are not easy to accept for most patients. Hence, it is indispensable and meaningful to find a biomarker that is easily and noninvasively accessable. Saliva whose component is similar to the blood, as a part of the body fluid, is easy and noninvasive to collect. Therefore, we plan to explore the dynamic changes of saliva microorganisms and proteins before and after anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected individuals using techniques of metagenomics and proteomics, and then to study the correlation between microorganisms and proteins of the saliva and immunologic factors of the blood, which aimed to find an easily and noninvasively accessable biomarker that can indicate the immune status and predict the prognosis of disease.