钩藤花序梗败育机理研究

钩藤是我国常用大宗中药材，其主要药用部位为叶腋处的茎钩，以双钩型茎钩的药用和市场价值最高。但茎钩在枝条上以“双钩型-单钩型”依次排列。茎钩与花序梗为同源器官，营养枝条上为败育花序梗形成茎钩，生殖枝条上为可育花序梗形成完整花序。单钩型茎钩和完整花序的形成对双钩型茎钩产量造成不利影响，因此，钩藤花序梗的形成和发育与药材的产量和品质密切相关。基于植物成花过程的认知，促进花序分生组织分化，抑制花分生组织分化是形成双钩型茎钩的关键。本项目以不同发育时期的双钩型、单钩型败育和可育的钩藤花序梗为研究对象，观察其（超）显微结构确定败育方式和时期；分析其生理生化变化揭示败育调控过程；开展其转录组测序挖掘败育关键基因。从细胞形态、生理生化、分子水平综合阐述钩藤主要药用部位败育花序梗（茎钩）的形成与发育机理。不仅为钩藤高产优质新品种的选育提供理论支撑，也将对其他药用植物药用部位的形成与发育机理研究提供科学依据。

Uncaria rhynchophylla is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines, which the main medical parts are the branches bearing hook growing in the leaf axil. The branches bearing double hooks have both the highest medicinal and market value. However, we found that the hooks showed the arrangement of double hooks - single hook on the branches. The hooks and the peduncles of U. rhynchophylla are homologous floral organs, which develop the hooks on the vegetative branches but develop the complete inflorescences on the reproductive branches. There are the great negative effects of the formation of the single hook and the inflorescences on the yield of the double hooks. Therefore, the formation and the development of the peduncles are closely related to the yield and the quality of U. rhynchophylla. It is very important for the formation of the double hooks that promoting the differentiation of inflorescence meristem but inhibiting the differentiation of flower meristem based on the cognition of the floral formation process. In this project, the abortive and the fertile peduncles of the single hook and the double hooks during the different development period will be used as research materials. We aim to determine the mode and the key period of abortion by observing the (ultra) microstructures of different hook types, to reveal the regulation progress of abortion by analyzing the changes of the physiological-biochemical factors in the development process of the peduncles, to excavate the key genes of abortion by performing transcriptome sequencing. Finally, such information is very important in elucidating the formation and the development mechanism of the abortive peduncles (branches bearing hook), the main medicinal parts of U. rhynchophylla from the cellular, the physiological-biochemical and the molecular levels. This project not only provides the theoretical basis for breeding new varieties with high yield and good quality but also provides scientific guidance for the research on the formation and the development mechanism of the medicinal parts of other medicinal plants.