聚合物光热转化膜的界面传热调控及太阳能蒸发性能研究

In a solar heating process, light-to-heat conversion (photothermal) materials are used to effectively absorb solar irradiation and convert it into heat, and the generated heat is then transferred through the interface between the photothermal materials and the local environment, realizing the heating purpose. Therefore, optimizing the interfacial properties of the photothermal materials and promoting the heat transfer from the photothermal materials through their interfaces are of great importance to enhance the heating capability of the photothermal materials. In this proposal, we are planning to study the influence of the surface (or interfacial) properties of the photothermal materials on the heat transfer as well as its heating capability based on polymeric photothermal films. By controlling the polymerization condition and using post surface modification based on layer-by-layer assembly and silane chemistry, the surface roughness and the chemistry of the photothermal films can be systematically adjusted, which facilitates the study of interfacial properties on the heating capability of the photothermal materials. By employing quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and infrared thermal imaging technique, we can readily evaluate the interfacial heating of the film form of the photothermal polymeric material with different surface structure and chemistry. Furthermore, we will rationally design the surface properties of the polymeric photothermal membranes based on the optimization, which is critical for the enhancement of solar-driven evaporation. We believe that the current study will offer a great opportunity for the rational design and fabrication of highly efficient photothermal materials for practical applications.

光热转化材料吸收太阳光能并将其转化为热能，所产生的热量通过材料界面向周围环境传导从而实现太阳能加热的目的。优化光热材料的界面性质和促进热量在界面间传导是提高材料光热加热性能的关键。本项目以聚合物光热转化膜为研究对象，围绕光热转化膜材料的表面性质对加热性能的影响开展工作。控制聚合反应条件来调控聚合物光热膜的表面结构，结合聚电解质层层组装技术及表面硅烷修饰等方法调控其表面化学组成。在此基础上，系统研究材料表面性质对光热加热性能的影响。利用石英晶体微天平、红外热成像等方法研究光热膜界面性质对界面热传导及光加热性能的影响规律；优化光热膜材料表面组成与结构，从而实现提高太阳能界面加热蒸发性能的目的。本项目的顺利实施将为设计制备高效光热转化材料、促进光热材料的应用打下基础。

光热转化材料吸收光能并将其转化为热能，所产生的热量通过材料界面向周围环境传导从而实现加热的目的。光热转化材料在能源、环境以及生物医用领域具有重要应用。优化光热材料的界面性质、促进热量在界面间传导是提高材料光热加热性能的关键。本项目以聚合物光热转化膜为研究对象，围绕光热转化膜材料的表面性质对加热性能的影响开展工作。发展了溶液氧化聚合及表面化学修饰制备界面性质可调的聚合物光热转化膜的方法；以聚合物光热膜为平台，采用红外热成像在线表征光热材料界面热导和太阳光界面加热蒸汽转化性能测试的方式，揭示了光热材料界面性质对光热转化膜加热性能的影响规律；以静电纺丝膜为基底，通过改变电纺丝时间的调控膜厚度，通过溶剂退火等方式调控其孔隙率、传输性质、界面热导等参数，构筑了双层结构光热转化膜，实现高效太阳能蒸汽转化；在此基础上，利用吡咯溶液氧化聚合沉积的特点，以三维结构的谷莠子草为基底，制备得到具有三维开放结构的聚合物光热复合材料。三维开放结构的光热蒸发器可有效降低热传导能量损失、提高气液交换效率，同时也可充分利用环境热量。利用该三维结构光热复合材料，在模拟太阳光下照射下，水蒸发速率可大幅提高至3.72kg/m2h；结合光催化、抗菌材料，获得兼具抗菌、污染物降解以及光热功能的复合光热蒸汽转化膜，实现了同步淡水生产和污水净化；将光热复合膜拓展到生物医用材料领域，利用光热水凝胶膜实现了伤口的快速愈合。研究成果为设计制备高效光热转化材料、促进光热材料的应用奠定基础。发表8篇SCI论文，出版英文专著1部，发表6篇国际国内会议论文（含墙报和口头报告）。申请中国发明专利3项。

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