单一纳米电极的制备与应用

本项目拟通过改进激光辅助拉制方法，制备得到半径小于5 纳米的Pt、Au、Ag 等金属纳米盘电极，并用TEM、SEM、EDX和电化学等方法对其进行表征。运用刻蚀技术制备得到单纳米孔电极、纳米线电极，再通过电化学、化学修饰、自组装等技术对纳米电极进行修饰，可望得到单纳米粒子、单生物分子修饰电极，结合快扫伏安技术、电化学信号模拟技术对所得到的修饰电极进行系统研究。试图从单纳米粒子、单分子角度研究一些常见的电催化和能量转化现象，从而从微观角度弄清催化反应与单纳米粒子、单分子之间的相互关系，为筛选出高性能、低成本的能量转化催化材料提供理论依据。运用制备得到的纳米电极、纳米孔电极，研究其在电化学扫描显微镜、单分子电化学分析、纳米材料、电化学腐蚀等多个领域的应用。

Several metal-disk nanoelctrodes within 5 nm, including Pt, Au, Ag, have been fabricated by laser-assisted pulling method， and the electrodes have been characterized using TEM, SEM, EDX and electrochemical method. After that, the metal-disk electrode was immersed into HF solution for several seconds to etch the glass and a single metal nanowire electrode could be formed; or applied an AC potential to etch the metal wires inside the glass sheath and a single nanoporous electrode could be achieved. The nanoelectrodes can be modified by single nanoparticle or single biomolecule through different techniques such as chemical modification, electrochemical modification and self-assembly method. Combining fast-scan voltammetric technique, elecrochemical simulation and others, the nanoelectrodes modified by single nanoparticle/single biomolecule have been investigated carefully, and the mechanism of electrocatalysis/energy transfer will be explored at a single molecule/nanoparticle level, which can be used to select new catalysis with highly catalytic efficiency, and lower cost. On the other hand, the nanoelectrodes, including nanodisk electrode, nanopipette, nanochannel, are important probes extensively used in scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM). However, the size of commercial probes are too big (around 10 micrometer from CH instruments Co.), and it is impossible to get images with high resolution. So we will use the nanoelectrodes to investigate the applications in SECM, and also study the applications in single molecular electrochemical analysis, nanomaterials, electrochemical corrosion, etc.