放射性核素钚在环境中的分布、来源及迁移规律研究

超铀元素钚（Plutonium, Pu）是与核试验及核工业发展密切相关的放射性核素，也是评价核环境安全的敏感指标。在我国核电发展的前期阶段，开展我国相关地区典型环境中钚核素的分布规律、水平、迁移机制，以及借助测量240Pu/239Pu的原子比值来甄别环境中Pu的不同来源等基础研究，提供钚"准"本底数据，不仅对评价核试验影响有重要的科学意义，也将有助于合理评价核电大发展后的环境影响，是核工业发展的必要前提。. 本项目借助可以对环境中痕量钚核素进行原子比测量的先进设备ICP-MS开展我国大陆地区典型环境中土壤中钚核素的水平、分布特征及来源研究，在调查甄别全球大气层核试验和局部大气层核试验对我国钚水平的贡献的基础上，提供我国土壤钚核素的"准"本底数据，在我国多种类土壤的真实环境下，巧妙地借助环境中已存在的痕量水平钚核素开展其在土壤介质中迁移模式的研究。

The transuranric element, plutonium, is a synthetic element to be produced on a large scale for nuclear weapons and nuclear industry. As plutonium is released into the enviroment only by human nuclear activities, it is proved to be a sensitive indicator for the assessment of nuclear safety. Carring out basic researches of plutonium, including investigating the concentration level and distribution characterization of plutonium in the typical environment, modeling the migration of plutonium in environment medias and tracing the sources of plutonium by the specific isotopic ratio (240Pu/239Pu) are significantly essential for predicting the influence of nuclear tests and the potential risk of nuclear accidents. Setting up the environment background database of plutonium in our country is a premise for the development of nuclear industry in the early stage..The aim of this progromme is to sduty the concentrations, sources as well as the behaviors of plutonium in the environment by using the advanced method of ICP-MS, which is capable for the precise analysing of trace plutonium. The contributions of plutonium from globall fallout and local fallout will be identified and the background database of plutonium in the soils be provided. Based on the field experiment data in various soil conditions, the mathmatical migration model of plutonium in soil will be established as well.