基于ICP-MS测量技术的重要锕系元素环境行为研究

元素周期表中的锕系元素均是由核军工和核工业等人类核活动产生的，其中钚、镅和镎元素中的Pu-239,240,241、Am-241和Np-237这些长半衰期的α放射性核素对核环境安全评价尤为重要，因为它们与反应堆安全运行、放废后处理和高放废物处置等密切相关。在取得了丰硕成果的前期相关项目基础上，本项目拟继续研发环境中痕量水平存在的Am-241和Np-237精准测量方法，针对我国典型土壤环境开展这些重要核素的水平、迁移、和分布规律研究；以240Pu/239Pu、237Np/239Pu同位素比值这一指纹进行朔源研究；在我国真实环境中巧妙借助已存在的痕量水平钚镅镎的重要核素开展锕系元素在土壤介质中迁移模式研究。.在我国核电快速发展的社会背景下，借助高灵敏高分辨ICP-MS质谱测量技术，开展环境中锕系核素测量研究，理解和把握这些核素的基本信息与行为特性，对合理评价核活动导致的环境安全影响有重要意义。

The transuranric elements, plutonium, americium and neptunium are synthetic elements produced on a large scale for nuclear weapons and nuclear industry. As they are also released into the environment only by human nuclear activities, it is proved to be sensitive indicators for the assessment of nuclear safety. Carring out basic researches of important isotopes of plutonium, 241Am and 237Np, including establishing effective methods for their environmental measurement on basis of ICP-MS, investigating the concentration level and distribution characterization of the isotopes in some typical environments, modeling the migration of them in soil and tracing the sources of plutonium, neptunium by the specific isotopic ratios (240Pu/239Pu; 237Np/239Pu) are significantly essential for predicting the influence of nuclear tests and the potential risk of nuclear accidents or nuclear facilities. Setting up the environment background database of the important isotopes in our country is a premise for the development of nuclear industry in the early stage. The project will focus on the long half-life-alpha-decay radioactive isotopes of actinide elements in environment for a better understanding on the influence to the environments caused by human nuclear related practices.