全球变暖背景下，黄土高原的气温已显著升高。冬小麦晚播可以有效适应全球变暖，但是由于冬前空气有效积温（气积温）不足，容易造成减产。如何采取有效措施补偿晚播冬小麦气积温、提高晚播冬小麦的产量是一个亟待解决的科学问题。本研究以覆膜为主要增产措施，以既要适应全球变暖，又要满足冬小麦高产为目标，通过田间定位试验与作物模型模拟相结合，研究晚播冬小麦生长和产量形成对覆膜的响应规律；研究覆膜土壤温度（地积温）对晚播冬小麦气积温补偿的定量关系，建立覆膜地积温对冬小麦气积温补偿的数学模型；与AquaCrop模型建立耦合模型，评估覆膜积温补偿效应对晚播冬小麦生长的长期影响。研究成果一方面有助于进一步揭示晚播冬小麦生长发育自身或外部环境的限制因子，提升作物周年生产潜力；另一方面也有助于进一步完善覆膜有效气积温补偿效应理论，为“冬小麦晚播、夏玉米晚收”的栽培模式的提供科学依据。

The temperature on the Loess Plateau has significantly increased due to global warming. The winter wheat using late sowing could effectively adapt to climate change, but with a limiting yield because of the insufficient growing degree days (GDD). Therefore, how to compensate the GDD to increase the yield of late sowing winter wheat is an urgent scientific problem. In this study, the late sowing winter wheat under plastic mulching was implemented in a typical field selected in the south of Loess Plateau. The response of late sowing winter wheat growth, development, and yield formation to plastic mulching will be studied. Meanwhile, the compensation effects of soil temperature under plastic mulching to the GDD of winter wheat will be quantitatively investigated by establishing a mathematical model. Based on the coupling model of the new mathematical model and AquaCrop model, the long-term impact of the compensation effect on late sowing wheat growth and development will be evaluated. This study will contribute to the perfection and promotion of plastic mulching compensation effect on crop GDD, and improve the simulations of AquaCrop model for winter wheat under plastic mulching. On the other hand, it will help to reveal the limiting factors for the late sowing winter wheat growth and yield formation, and provide a scientific guidance to develop the crop annual yield potential under the cultivation pattern of “late sowing winter wheat–late maturing summer maize”.