基于航道通过能力空间异质性的内河港口竞争与合作研究

改善内河水运是缓解陆路交通拥挤和大气污染的有效手段，也是目前国家重点发展战略之一，必须遵循内河港口市场规律。本项目首先以单内河港口选址、容量投资和服务定价联合决策问题为切入点，探讨内河航道通过能力空间异质性、航道拥挤及港口服务拥挤等内河水运特征对托运人选择行为和港口经营决策的影响；其次针对多内河港口情形，借助Hotelling模型框架分析其竞争平衡及空间结构，借助多目标规划及委托代理模型分析上下游港口间服务容量预定和服务费率折扣的最优契约结构；进一步构建多经济腹地、多通道、多港口、内河水运体系的网络结构模型，并应用网络平衡理论研究内河港口的竞争合作机制;最后以长江水系为实例，对本研究的成果进行分析验证。本项目基于内河水运特征的港口市场理论成果可以纳入交通基础设施投资定价分析的常用模型和方法之中，用于辅助政府及港口经营者理解内河港口市场规律，为内河港口功能合理布局和内河航道规划提供理论依据。

Inland waterway transportation, which is regarded as one of effective means for mitigating the road congestion and air pollution, is currently the key strategy in China. To understand the market rules of inland river ports is the basis for the government to make right decisions in inland waterway planning. The project will first investigate the joint selection of port capacity, service fee and location for one single inland river port with spatial heterogeneity of waterway capacity, waterway and/or service congestion.By doing so, the effects of the spatial characteristics of the inland waterway on the shipper's choice and port operation's behavior can be totally investigated. Then, for the case with multiple inland river ports, adopting the Hotelling model framework, the project will analyze the spatial competition equilibrium of the ports, using the multi-objective programming and principal-agent model to examine the optimal capacity-discount contract between the upstream and downstream ports, captured by the service capacity booking and discount rate of service fee. And the multiple hinterlands, roads, ports and waterway network will be incorporated into a multi-modal transportation network and the equilibrium solution are been studied in the network environment. And last, the empirical study will be conducted based on the Yangtze River to test the theoretical results. Theoretical models and methodalogys in this project can enrich the study on the inland waterway transportation, and can be helpful to the local or central government in understanding the laws of the inland port market, guide the government to make rational decisions in strategic planning and spatial location of inalnd river ports.