弱视是一种常见眼科疾病，在人群中发病率为2-4%。弱视的发病机制非常复杂，对弱视患者大脑的结构与功能的深入研究有助于弱视机理的认识，从而帮助医生优化治疗方案，减轻患者及家庭的负担，节约更多的社会资源。. 本项目中，我们将针对6-11岁之间的弱视儿童，采集包括磁共振结构像，弥散张量成像，磁共振功能像在内的多模态影像数据(包括先天弱视和后天弱视，以及弱视患者视觉知觉训练治疗前后的数据),采取横向和纵向结合的研究方法,对弱视患者大脑结构和功能的改变进行定位；分析结构改变、功能改变以及临床参数之间的关系；探讨视觉知觉训练对大脑结构和功能可塑性的影响。在此基础上，我们将重点研究多模态影像的相关处理与分析方法，包括大脑结构的测量和分析，视觉传导通路的重建，以及复杂脑网络的分析算法等内容等。本研究将为弱视的机理研究及临床定量化评估、诊断和治疗提供可靠的科学证据。

Amblyopia is a disorder of the visual system and it has been estimated to affect 2-4% of the population. The pathology of amblyopia is very complex.Although a lot of basic and clinic research has been carried out on amblyopia, the understanding of visual cognition is not adequate, especially concerning cortex changes caused by visual deprivation during the "critical period". By investigating the structure and function of the amblyopia's visual system, we will be able to contribute to the understanding the amblyopia pathology, assist to optimize the treatment and reduce the patients' burden, which can save more social resources. . In this study, we will acquire multi-modality imaging data of amblyopia, including structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and fMRI,etc. The amblyopia consists of both congential and acquired amblyopia at the ages of 6-11. We will firstly identify the structural and functional lesions of amblyopia brain, and then investigate the possible relationship among the structural alterations, functional deficits, and the clinic parameters. At the same time, we will investiagte the role of perceptual learning to brain plasticity in amblyopia. We will focus on developing the related multi-modality image processing method, such as the assesmnet of brain structure abnornality, viusal pathway reconstruction and brain network analysis etc. Our research will contribute to the understanding of amblyopia pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.