中国农地金融制度的构建方案与管理创新研究

从农地金融制度出发,.

Based on general background of Chinese agricultural marketization, industrilization and internationalization as well as field investigation in Meitan county, Guizhou province----the pilot area of land finance system, this research project centres on the features and requirement of mortgage used in agricultural financing, analyzes the fundmental role of land finance in rural financial system, compares the land finance system of China with the practices prevalent in other countries, then comes up with the suggestion on the general guideline, the scheme design and the managerial innovation for China to establish its land finance system in a market economy. The transitional scheme goes that it's practical for China to construct the institutions of land finance system in a "from top to bottom" manner and to use the existent rural credit cooperatives in the short run, the Department of Mortgage on Rural Land Use should be set up on a county basis to take charge of the mortgage loans on rural land use and some branch offices be set up on a town or village basis to run the detailed business, such as granting and retrieving of loans. The central bank should strenthen the guidance, management, supervision and service for rural land finance. In the medium and long run, the construction of Chinese land finance system should rely on the state power and take advantage of modern credit and bank system to establish the macro-credit system suitable for agriculture at the top level. At the bottom level, a financial organization with affinity to farmers should be gradually formed. The author suggests that the National Committee of Land Mortgage Loans be required for the management of land mortgage loans system, its standing body is the National Land Mortgage Loan Bureau under the Ministry of Treasary. Moreover, China should try to set up National Land Bank (NLB), private land bank corporation and other land financial intermediaries,then farmers can buy one share of NLB for every loan of ￥100. Ten or more farmers can set up their own Association of Loans at the bottom level. Then, the author elaborates some supplementary measures for the smooth run of the scheme and managerial innovation. Firstly, China should combine the international experience with its own national characteristics and stick to the principle of collective ownership of land, governmental support, cooperation and graduality of reform. The land finance system should go through the experiment, the extension and the improvement phases gradually. Secondly, China should cultivate its land market, reform financial system, make regulation for land mortgage securities market, build the training and qualification system for land finance talents, carry out farmers' income tax system, legislate the Land Mortgage Loan Act and aweaken the credit consciousness of farmers. This research project provides the valuable references for the national macro-policy making, the local governments' direction and regulation for agriculture and rural financial system, especially for the construction of land finance system.