脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease，cSVD）占所有缺血性卒中病因的25%，全部痴呆的45%，严重危害人民身体健康，带来沉重经济负担。随人口老龄化进程加速，cSVD发病率仍呈上升趋势，已成为重要社会问题，目前仍缺乏有效治疗手段。远隔缺血适应（remote ischemic conditioning, RIC）为机体内源性的抗缺血损伤策略，无创安全、简便易行、成本低廉，满足临床转化条件。我们团队从基础到临床对RIC开展了系统性研究，证实RIC能有效改善脑灌注、缩小脑损伤程度及范围、减少卒中复发、改善认知功能，但具体机制尚不清楚。本研究拟利用多模态MRI技术，构建cSVD患者脑网络并分析脑网络特征，探讨RIC对cSVD的脑保护作用机制，筛选评价cSVD预后和RIC疗效的客观生物学指标，进而为RIC的临床推广提供证据。

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is an important risk factor for stroke, dementia and age-related disability, accounting for approximately one-fifth of all strokes and 45% of dementia worldwide, which seriously endangers people's health and brings a heavy economic burden. Specific treatment strategies to reduce functional deficiencies attributed to SVD are lacking. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), an endogenous protective strategy to against ischemia-reperfusion injury, is noninvasive, safe, simple and inexpensive, which has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing stroke recurrence in patients with intracranial arterial stenosis. By means of multimodal MRI technology, our aim is to evaluate efficacy of RIC on brain network in cSVD patients and to explore the protective mechanisms of RIC on cSVD.