多场耦合条件下的莫高窟洞窟热湿环境调控理论与技术研究

为了避免敦煌莫高窟壁画支撑体和地仗层中的可溶盐受湿度影响反复溶解、结晶，致使壁画脱落，需要为洞窟壁画提供相对稳定的热、湿、可溶盐环境。已有的莫高窟壁画保护研究主要从阻水、脱盐两方面开展工作。但是，莫高窟实际壁体内水、盐运移受洞窟内外空气温湿度、压力、壁体内温湿度、压力及可溶盐浓度等多场耦合相互作用影响。本项目基于敦煌研究院前期数据和成果，在实验窟内安装机械加压除湿送风系统，对洞窟内、壁画颜料层及壁画支撑体内热、湿、可溶盐环境分布进行模拟和实测分析，提出在极端天气条件下洞窟内部适宜的热湿环境控制理论和气压调控策略，从根本上解决壁画酥碱问题，保护壁画。本研究将会促进莫高窟壁画保护科技水平的进步，对于洞窟适宜的热湿环境控制技术，具有十分重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。

In order to avoid the phenomenon of the murals in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes falling off, a relatively stable thermal, humidity and soluble salt environment should be required. The phenomenon is caused by repeated dissolution and crystallization of the soluble salt by humidity effect in the support layer and plaster layer of the murals. The existing research on the mural protection technology is only in two main respective aspects: blocking water and desalinating water. But the migration of water and salt in Mogao Grottoes would be affected by multi-fields coupling interaction, just like thermal, humidity and pressure from indoor and outdoor, thermal, humidity, pressure, and soluble salt concentration in the wall body, etc. Firstly, based on previous data and research result in this project, mechanical air supply pressure dehumidification system for the grottoes will be installed. Next, the layout of thermal, humidity and salt environment from the pigment layer and the support layer in the grottoes murals will be simulated and measured in the project. And then, the suitable theory of controlling thermal and humidity environment and the strategy of adjusting and controlling atmospheric pressure in the grottoes will be proposed. All of these steps will solute the efflorescence problem radically and protect the murals. This research will promote the protection technology of Mogao Grottoes murals. The suitable controlling technology of thermal and humidity in grottoes will have important scientific function and can be used in real projects.