多场耦合作用下麦积山石窟热湿环境调控理论与技术研究

湿润半湿润区的石窟类遗址受到气候环境和崖体水分的双重作用，壁画会出现地仗层中可溶盐反复溶解结晶、结构粘性降低，盐分在表面聚集的现象，进而导致起甲、空鼓、酥碱等病害，因此需要为窟内提供相对稳定的热湿环境。但是，石窟类遗址受到半无限厚壁体水汽压力场、壁画地仗层的温湿度和可溶盐浓度场、窟内空气温湿度场、窟外空气温湿度场等多场耦合相互作用的影响，窟内热湿环境的研究，应该从文物保护的需要入手，开展相应的基础理论研究。本课题以麦积山石窟为研究对象，跟踪监测石窟内、外热湿环境的变化，研究湿润半湿润区石窟类遗址的窟内热湿环境形成机理。在此基础上，尝试采用机械加压送风系统的主动式调控技术和利用增加石窟缓冲空间、景观绿化等被动式调节技术对石窟内部热湿环境的剧烈变化进行预防性调节。本研究可以切实解决当前湿润半湿润区石窟类遗址面临的潮湿多雨对壁画病害的影响，促进湿润半湿润区遗址保护环境技术的发展。

In humid and semi-humid areas, the damages of murals in grottoes such as flaking, detachment, and disruption are caused by the dual action of climatic environment and the moisture in the cliff. In order to avoid it, it is necessary to provide a relatively stable thermal and moisture environment for the grottoes. However, grottoes would be affected by multi-fields coupling interaction, just as the water pressure in the cliff, the soluble salt concentration in the earthen plasters, the thermal and humidity indoor and outdoor. So it carries on the basic theory research of the heat and moisture environment in order to protect the cultural relics. This subject takes Maijishan grottoes as the research object. Based on the measurement data of the thermal and moisture environment inside and outside the grottoes, this project will research the influencing factors of the thermal and moisture environment indoor. On this basis, the control technologies can be used to regulate it, which is consisted of the active and the passive technologies. This study can effectively solve the influence of wet climate on the humidity in the air and moisture in the wall. That can reduce the influence on the diseases of murals, caused by the humid environment. Finally this research can promote the development of the protective technologies for the relics in humid and semi-humid areas.