牛大力是药食两用的广西道地药材，以块根入药。申请者前期研究发现牛大力结薯率低，仅少数根的某些部位膨大成块根，大多发育成梗根，产量受到严重影响。为了突破这一瓶颈，探讨块根形成与膨大机理，本项目拟对不同膨大阶段的牛大力块根和叶进行取样，主要研究：①显微与亚显微结构、内源激素及生理生化变化，掌握块根膨大过程的结构变化及生理机制，筛选出块根膨大的关键时期，为下一步进行转录组测序提供依据；②在块根膨大的关键时期，利用Solexa测序技术对块根进行转录组测序分析，挖掘与块根膨大相关的候选基因；利用RACE技术对候选基因进行全长克隆及生物信息学分析；③利用qRT-PCR与western blot方法，对不同膨大阶段的块根和叶进行检测，掌握候选基因的时空表达规律，筛选出与块根膨大高度相关的关键基因，揭示块根形成与膨大的机理，为解决块根类药材产量低的难题与实现定向栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Callerya speciosa (Champ.) ScHot is a genuine medicinal and edible plant from Guangxi which roots have long been used for food and as a traditional medicinal herb.Our previous research showed that the ability of tuberization was so weak that only few fibrous foots could transform to tuberous roots on special position but more could not. To improve the quantity of Callerya speciosa, the mechanism of tuberous roots formation is needed to be illuminated. Therefore, this study will accomplish the following work ,via collecting roots and leaves from several different developmental stages as samples: Firstly, the regularity of tuberous roots formation will be learned and the critical period of its formation will be determined, via observing the microscopic and submicroscopic structure, determining the endogenous hormones and physiological and biochemical indexes.Secondly, the Solexa high-throughput sequencing technologies will be used to analyze the samples from the key stages and excavate the key genes which regulate tuberous roots formation. RACE cloning technologies will also be used to clone the key genes. Thirdly, qRT-PCR and western blot technologies will be used to verify the expression of those key genes, by using the roots and leaves from several different developmental stages. This study will provide a theoretical basis and technology innovation of the directional cultivation techniques and low-quantity problem for Callerya speciosa (Champ.) ScHot and tuberous plants.