聚离子液体（PIL）纳米粒子在催化、分离、检测、能源、生物等方面具有广阔的应用前景，但目前因存在制备过程复杂、成本高、粒子形貌及聚集态结构调控困难等问题，制约了PIL纳米粒子的应用。为此，本研究提出了通过聚合诱导自组装（PISA）定制PIL纳米粒子的高效、低成本的新方法，实现其形貌与聚集态结构的多层次可控。通过IL单体分子结构设计，由水相可逆加成断裂链转移（RAFT）分散聚合合成保持IL特性的PIL，探讨聚合过程中PIL纳米粒子聚集态和形貌结构转变的因素和机理，掌握PISA对PIL纳米粒子聚集态和形貌结构的调控规律，进而揭示PIL聚合物链结构和PIL粒子聚集态结构、形貌结构之间的内在关系规律。本项目的研究将为PIL纳米材料的应用奠定良好的基础，同时对活性自由基聚合技术和IL应用的拓展及聚合物纳米材料的发展有着十分重要的科学意义和重大的应用价值。

Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) nanoparticles have been prominent in a variety of applications, such as catalysis, separation, detection, energy and biology. However, the current methods for PIL nanoparticles preparation suffer from a series of problems, such as cumbersome preparation steps, high cost, and very difficult to realize structural regulation on particle morphology and aggregation state, which have greatly restricted their applications. Herein, to resolve these issues, we propose an efficient and low-cost method of preparing PIL nanoparticles with well-defined hierarchical structures through polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). In this project, through molecular structure design of IL monomers, PIL nanoparticles with IL characteristics will be synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization. Meanwhile, the factors and mechanisms of particle morphology transformation during polymerization will be investigated, to master the rules of structural regulation on aggregation state and morphology structure of PIL nanoparticles through PISA, so as to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the PIL polymer chain structure and aggregation state and morphology structure of PIL nanoparticles. This research project will build a good foundation for the applications of PIL nano-materials, and has a greatly important scientific meaning and a significant application value on expanding the technology of controlled free radical polymerization and the applications of IL, as well as developing polymeric nano-materials.