在中小微企业中只有少数企业能快速成长，大部分小微企业不成长甚至倒闭。许多研究关注少数“优等生”的成长动因，本研究则以逆向思维关注“长尾”小微企业的成长障碍。技术的进步、互联网的发展、协同共享的市场新规则让众多“长尾”小微企业能以较低的运营成本得以生存发展。同时，我国经济新常态又使一些小微企业陷入“僵尸状态”。什么阻碍“长尾”企业的成长？本研究基于已对六家小微企业1-2年的调查以及对“新组织缺陷”与“小组织缺陷”特点的把握，结合创业理论、资源观、动态能力理论，构建“机会-资源-能力”理论框架。结合案例追踪研究和量化研究的方法，探究“长尾”小微企业从为了谋生的个人经营向组织化经营演化过程中的成长障碍。本研究揭示了“机会再生障碍”、“机会-资源匹配障碍”、“个人-组织能力转移障碍”等制约小微企业成长的要因及其内在逻辑，丰富中小企业研究，并为谋求成长又束手无策的小微企业提供经验借鉴和理论支持。

Among small and medium-sized enterprises, only a few of them can rapidly grow, while most of them grow slowly or some even never grow. Most studies focus on the growth mechanism of the outstanding ones; however, this project intends to specifically explore the growth obstacles of “long- tail” micro and small-sized enterprises. “Long-tail” micro and small-sized enterprises can survive with lower costs thanks to technology improvements, the development of the internet, and the new rule of collaborative commons. On the other hand, under the New Normal of the Chinese economy, some Chinese micro and small-sized enterprises have been “living dead firms”. What limits their growth? In the perspectives of entrepreneurship theory, resource-based view, and dynamic capability, this project builds a theoretical framework of “opportunity-resource-capability”. Using the methodology of case study and survey, it finds that there are “opportunity-regenerating obstacles”, “opportunity-resource-fit obstacles”, and “individual-organization–capability-shifting obstacles” that can hinder “long-tail” micro and small-sized enterprises from growing during their evolutionary process. This project will shed light on the studies of small and medium-sized enterprises, and moreover, offer implications to those entrepreneurs or managers who struggle for growth.