新能源汽车车身轻量化等应用对通用型碳纤维（GPCF）提出了在维持低成本的前提下大幅度提高强度性能的要求。传统的热缩聚制备方法忽视了从分子维度调控合成，造成了GPCF强度性能不佳。本申请项目提出以富含芳烃的煤直接液化残渣为原料，采用氯化—脱氯化方法，从分子维度实现可控合成优质沥青前驱体，达到提高性能的目标。通过研究探明富含稠环芳烃原料的氯化—脱氯化的反应机理和反应动力学；并揭示GPCF制备流程中各步骤产物分子结构与形貌的演变规律，从而明确分子结构调控作用机制。此外，对氯元素的迁移转化机制和分布规律进行全生命周期分析，明晰残留氯的影响及规律；揭示碳纤维制备流程中各影响因素的作用机制及交互影响规律，寻求最优工艺参数。项目研究有望探索出一条从分子维度实现GPCF的可控合成和性能优化的途径，掌握以煤直接液化残渣为原料、基于氯化—脱氯化的制备高强度GPCF的方法。

New energy vehicle body lightweight and other new applications have put forward requirements for general-purpose carbon fiber (GPCF) to greatly improve strength performance while maintaining low cost. The traditional preparation method of thermal condensation neglected to control the synthesis from the molecular dimension, resulting in poor strength performance of the GPCF. This program proposes to use coal direct liquefaction residue rich in aromatic hydrocarbons as the raw material, and adopt the chlorination‒dehydrochlorination method to achieve the controllable synthesis of high-quality pitch precursors from the molecular dimension, thereby improving the strength performance of fabricated GPCF. In this work, the reaction mechanism and kinetics of chlorination‒dehydrochlorination are explored when using coal direct liquefaction residue as a starting material. The evolution of the molecular structure and morphology of various products in each step of the GPCF fabrication process is revealed, so as to clarify the molecular structure regulation mechanism. Besides, a full life cycle analysis of the migration mechanism and distribution of chlorine element is investigated by taking the GPCF fabrication process as the principal line; and the effect of residual chlorine on the properties of various products is also clarified. The mechanism and interaction of each affecting factor on the GPCF preparation are revealed and the optimal conditions are sought. This program is expected to achieve the controlled synthesis and performance optimization of GPCF from the molecular dimension, and master the method of fabricating GPCF with excellent strength performance via the chlorination‒dehydrochlorination method using coal direct liquefaction residue as the raw material.