易损斑块破裂是急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者发生主要心脏不良事件的重要病理机制，而炎症激活是促使斑块不稳定的关键因素。抗炎治疗作为动脉粥样硬化新的治疗策略得到临床研究证实。基于运动作为潜在的抗炎工具的新概念，我们提出中等强度有氧运动通过抗炎作用稳定易损斑块从而改善ACS患者的预后。本课题组前期应用频域光学相干断层成像技术联合血管内超声研究发现中等强度有氧运动显著增加ACS患者易损斑块的稳定性，高通量测序发现运动后外周血巨噬细胞中长链非编码RNA NEAT1表达水平降低，且NEAT1作为长链非编码RNA参与巨噬细胞的自噬与极化。综上，我们首次提出中等强度有氧运动通过NEAT1/SPI1/NLRP3通路调控巨噬细胞功能发挥抗炎效果从而稳定易损斑块。本项目联合多学科，从临床出发，到细胞和动物水平揭示中等强度有氧运动通过抗炎作用稳定易损斑块的分子机制，为临床中等强度有氧运动治疗ACS患者提供新机制。

Vulnerable plaque rupture is the pathological mechanism of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Activation of inflammatory is considered to be a key factor in promoting plaque formation and plaque instability. Anti-inflammatory treatment has been confirmed by clinical studies as a new treatment strategy. Based on the new concept of exercise as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic method, we suggest that moderate intensity aerobic exercise can improve clinical outcomes of ACS patients by stabilizing vulnerable plaques through anti-inflammatory effects. In our previous study, frequency domain optical coherence tomography combined with intravascular ultrasound showed that moderate intensity aerobic exercise increased the stability of vulnerable plaques in ACS patients. The high-throughput sequencing showed that the expression level of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear macrophages of patients undergone moderate intensity aerobic exercise was significantly reduced, and NEAT1 has involved in the autophagy and polarization of macrophages. In conclusion, we put forward for the first time that moderate intensity aerobic exercise regulates the function of macrophages through NEAT1/SPI1/NLRP3 pathway to exerts anti-inflammatory effect and stabilizes the vulnerable plaques. United with multiple disciplines, we revealed the molecular mechanism of moderate intensity aerobic exercises can stabilize vulnerable plaques through anti-inflammatory effect from the clinical point of view to the cytology and zoology levels. This specific molecular mechanism provides a new approach for the clinical treatment of ACS with moderate intensity aerobic exercise.