青藏高原高海拔多年冻土居世界之首，大的地理和气候背景决定了其宏观分布格局，但复杂地形和局地因素通过对冻土气候关系体系关键因子之一—地面温度—的复合影响，在一定条件下甚至成为其空间分异的主导因素。本项目拟在试验点、监测场和研究区等不同空间尺度上布设江河源区地面温度定位观测，并针对地面关键参量进行野外试验和空间数据反演，以定量分析复杂地形和局地因素对地面温度的复合作用。在此基础上，确定高海拔山区地面温度各指标的时空分布，建立地面温度对多年冻土存赋的判据。基于观测和调研资料、坑探/物探等，验证Stefan经验公式、Kudryatsev方法、TTOP模型、传热方程等冻土模型方法在高海拔山区的适用性。最终构建耦合地形和局地因素的高海拔冻土模型并精准制图。本研究可为海量热红外遥感陆面温度的冰冻圈科学应用提供试验依据，进而为三江源区生态修复和生态文明建设等提供科学理论基础。

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is the highest and most extensive elevational permafrost region on Earth. Most plateau permafrost is warm (>–1 °C) and sensitive to climate changes and anthropogenic activities. The geographical and climatic background play the key roles in controlling the macro spatial distributive patterns of permafrost on the QTP. However, under certain conditions and spatiotemporal scales, the combined influences of the rugged topography and other local factors (such as the vegetation, soil types, and so on) turn to be the primary factors in controlling the distribution of elevational permafrost through their influences on the ground surface temperatures (GST). While the GST is the upper boundary condition of thermal regime of the active layer and permafrost and a key parameter in the permafrost-climate system. Based on previous permafrost-climate monitoring network and related studies, a GST monitoring network will be built according to the elevation, slope angle and aspects, curvature, and shading, as well as the vegetation and thermophysical properties of soils in representative areas in the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow River (SRYYR). Based on the detailed field experiments and investigations of key terrestrial parameters, more accurate retrieval of remote sensing products about the topographic and vegetation indices derived from the MODIS, Landsat series and Aster DEM will be implemented. The combined thermal impacts of the rugged topography and other local factors on the GST will be quantitatively studied. Then, the explicit relationships will be conceptualized between the permafrost and climate in the SRYYR. Based on the geophysical investigations, such as the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Ingegneria Dei Sistemi (IDS), and ground-truthing, as well as the existing scientific datasets, and collections of air, ground surface, and ground temperatures from the newly established monitoring network, the performance and uncertainty of equations and methods related to the modelling of permafrost distribution such as the Stefan equation, Kudryatsev’s method, TTOP model, and heat transfer equations will be carefully evaluated for the complicated terrain conditions and other environmental variables. At last, the elevational permafrost model coupled with the rugged terrain indices and other local factors will be built. The project results will provide sound experimental basis for the applications of huge amounts of land surface temperature (LST) products, which are inferred from the thermal infrared remote sensing, in cryospheric science and technology, e.g., permafrost mapping and modelling will be evaluated. In addition, it will provide scientific supports for obtaining the key parameters of better mapping of elevational permafrost at finer scale, and further contribute to the adaption to climate change, ecological restoration and environmental management in the SRYYR.