生态修复工程具有改善生态环境的功能，需要给予合理的补偿。当生态修复工程参与者的利益不能得到合理的补偿时，就会造成生态修复工程供给不足或者过量。生态修复工程补偿标准本质上是政府为了购买生态环境而支付的价格，因而由需求和供给的均衡来决定。加之，资源环境禀赋对于生态修复工程供给方和需求方的边际受偿要求和边际补偿意愿有着显著的影响。因此，本研究以北方陕西和南方四川两省的生态修复工程为例，基于资源环境禀赋及供需均衡决定价格的视角，在对资源环境禀赋的内涵界定和度量的基础上，把资源环境禀赋作为变量引入农户的个体收益最大化模型和政府的生态收益最大模型，准确度量资源环境禀赋对生态修复工程需求方和供给方的影响，最后，通过数据模拟和模型估计，从生态修复工程供需均衡的角度估计不同资源禀赋地区最优生态修复工程补偿标准。本研究为生态修复工程补偿政策制定提供理论支撑，同时为生态修复工程补偿标准研究提供新的视角和框架。

Ecology Restoration Project (ERP)，which has a function of improving the eco-environment, needs reasonable compensation. When participants can not get fair compensation, supply of ERP would be shortage or excess. Substantially, standard of ERP, which equals to how much the government would pay for eco-environment, is determined by the balance of supply and demand. In addition, endowment of resources and environment has a significant influence on both marginal requirements of supply side and marginal compensation will of demand side. Therefore, this study, taking ERP in Shaanxi province and Sichuan province, respectively from northern and southern China, as an example, is based on the perception of endowment of resources and environment and the theory of supply-and-demand equilibrium deciding the price. After connotation definition and measurement of endowment of resources and environment, and introducing it as a variable into the model of farmer's individual income maximization and government's ecological benefits maximization, ultimate influence of natural resource abundance on supply side and demand side in ERP would be accurately confirmed. At last, through data simulation and model estimation, the optimal ERP compensation standard in different region with different endowment of resources and environment, from supply-and-demand equilibrium perspective, would be figured out. In conclusion, this study attempts to theoretically support ERP compensation policy making, and simultaneously, provides a new approach and framework for studies of ERP compensation standard.